Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition. 1 Introduction. 2 Network Analysis. 2.1 Network Variables. 2.2 Scattering Parameters. 2.3 Short-Circuit Admittance Parameters. 2.4 Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters. 2.5 ABCD Parameters. 2.6 Transmission-Line Networks. 2.7 Network Connections. 2.8 Network Parameter Conversions. 2.9 Symmetrical Network Analysis. 2.10 Multiport Networks. 2.11 Equivalent and Dual Network. 2.12 Multimode Networks. 3 Basic Concepts and Theories of Filters. 3.1 Transfer Functions. 3.2 Lowpass Prototype Filters and Elements. 3.3 Frequency and Element Transformations. 3.4 Immittance Inverters. 3.5 Richards' Transformation and Kuroda Identities. 3.6 Dissipation and Unloaded Quality Factor. 4 Transmission Lines and Components. 4.1 Microstrip Lines. 4.2 Coupled Lines. 4.3 Discontinuities and Components. 4.4 Other Types of Microstrip Lines. 4.5 Coplanar Waveguide (CPW). 4.6 Slotlines. 5 Lowpass and Bandpass Filters. 5.1 Lowpass Filters. 5.2 Bandpass Filters. 6 Highpass and Bandstop Filters. 6.1 Highpass Filters. 6.2 Bandstop Filters. 7 Coupled-Resonator Circuits. 7.1 General Coupling Matrix for Coupled-Resonator Filters. 7.2 General Theory of Couplings. 7.3 General Formulation for Extracting Coupling Coefficient k. 7.4 Formulation for Extracting External Quality Factor Qe. 7.5 Numerical Examples. 7.6 General Coupling Matrix Including Source and Load. 8 CAD for Low-Cost and High-Volume Production. 8.1 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Tools. 8.2 Computer-Aided Analysis (CAA). 8.3 Filter Synthesis by Optimization. 8.4 CAD Examples. 9 Advanced RF/Microwave Filters. 9.1 Selective Filters with a Single Pair of Transmission Zeros. 9.2 Cascaded Quadruplet (CQ) Filters. 9.3 Trisection and Cascaded Trisection (CT) Filters. 9.4 Advanced Filters with Transmission-Line Inserted Inverters. 9.5 Linear-Phase Filters. 9.6 Extracted Pole Filters. 9.7 Canonical Filters. 9.8 Multiband Filters. 10 Compact Filters and Filter Miniaturization. 10.1 Miniature Open-Loop and Hairpin Resonator Filters. 10.2 Slow-Wave Resonator Filters. 10.3 Miniature Dual-Mode Resonator Filters. 10.4 Lumped-Element Filters. 10.5 Miniature Filters Using High Dielectric-Constant Substrates. 10.6 Multilayer Filters. 11 Superconducting Filters. 11.1 High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Materials. 11.2 HTS Filters for Mobile Communications. 11.3 HTS Filters for Satellite Communications. 11.4 HTS Filters for Radio Astronomy and Radar. 11.5 High-Power HTS Filters. 11.6 Cryogenic Package. 12 Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Filters. 12.1 UWB Filters with Short-Circuited Stubs. 12.2 UWB-Coupled Resonator Filters. 12.3 Quasilumped Element UWB Filters. 12.4 UWB Filters Using Cascaded Miniature High- And Lowpass Filters. 12.5 UWB Filters with Notch Band(s). 13 Tunable and Reconfigurable Filters. 13.1 Tunable Combline Filters. 13.2 Tunable Open-Loop Filters without Via-Hole Grounding. 13.3 Reconfigurable Dual-Mode Bandpass Filters. 13.4 Wideband Filters with Reconfigurable Bandwidth. 13.5 Reconfigurable UWB Filters. 13.6 RF MEMS Reconfigurable Filters. 13.7 Piezoelectric Transducer Tunable Filters. 13.8 Ferroelectric Tunable Filters. Appendix: Useful Constants and Data. A.1 Physical Constants. A.2 Conductivity of Metals at 25 C (298K). A.3 Electical Resistivity rho in 10-8 m of Metals. A.4 Properties of Dielectric Substrates. Index.

Microstrip filters for RF/microwave applications

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) bridge capacitors have been used to design miniature and tunable bandpass filters at 18-22 GHz. Using coplanar waveguide transmission lines on a quartz substrate (/spl epsiv//sub r/ = 3.8, tan/spl delta/ = 0.0002), a miniature three-pole filter was developed with 8.6% bandwidth based on high-Q MEMS bridge capacitors. The miniature filter is approximately 3.5 times smaller than the standard filter with a midband insertion loss of 2.9 dB at 21.1 GHz. The MEMS bridges in this design can also be used as varactors to tune the passband. Such a tunable filter was made on a glass substrate (/spl epsiv//sub r/ = 4.6, tan/spl delta/ = 0.006). Over a tuning range of 14% from 18.6 to 21.4 GHz, the miniature tunable filter has a fractional bandwidth of 7.5 /spl plusmn/ 0.2% and a midband insertion loss of 3.85-4.15 dB. The IIP/sub 3/ of the miniature-tunable filter is measured at 32 dBm for the difference frequency of 50 kHz. The IIP/sub 3/ increases to >50 dBm for difference frequencies greater than 150 kHz. Simple mechanical simulation with a maximum dc and ac (ramp) tuning voltages of 50 V indicates that the filter can tune at a conservative rate of 150-300 MHz//spl mu/s.

Miniature and tunable filters using MEMS capacitors

This paper presents a new compact, low insertion-loss, sharp-rejection, and wide-band microstrip bandpass filter. A bandstop filter is introduced that uses a ring resonator with direct-connected orthogonal feed lines. A new bandpass filter based on the bandstop filter uses two tuning stubs to construct a wide-band passband with two sharp stopbands. Without coupling gaps between feed lines and rings, there are no mismatch and radiation losses between them and, therefore, the new filters show low insertion loss. In addition, a dual-mode characteristic is used to increase the stopband bandwidth of the new filters. A simple transmission-line model used to calculate the frequency responses of the filters shows good agreement with measurements. The filter using three cascaded rings has 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 49.3%, an insertion loss of better than 1.6 dB in the passband, a return loss of larger than 13 dB from 4.58 to 7.3 GHz, and two rejections of greater than 40 dB within 2.75-4.02 and 7.73-9.08 GHz. The high-performance, compact-size, and low-cost filter was designed for reducing the interference in full duplex systems in satellite communications.

Compact, low insertion-loss, sharp-rejection, and wide-band microstrip bandpass filters

This paper presents the design of a class of highly selective microstrip bandpass filters that consist of microstrip open-loop resonators that exhibit a single pair of attenuation poles at finite frequencies. A practical design technique for this class of filters is introduced, including tables and formulas for accurate and fast filter synthesis. Two design examples of a six-pole filter with a fractional bandwidth of 7.331% at 955 MHz and an eight-pole filter with a fractional bandwidth of 10.359% at 985 MHz are described. Theoretical and experimental results are presented. The compact size and the excellent performance of this class of filters have been demonstrated.

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Design of highly selective microstrip bandpass filters with a single pair of attenuation poles at finite frequencies

The low-loss and high-selective high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filters can enhance performance of mobile communications systems. In this paper, we summarize a recent progress of novel HTS preselect bandpass filters that have been developed for a European research project. The objective of the project is to construct an HTS-based transceiver for mast-mounted DCS1800 base stations. The HTS preselect receive filters have been designed to have a quasi-elliptic function response in order to provide low insertion loss and very steep rolloff at the filter band edges. The filters cover a 15-MHz sub-band of a receive band, which ranges from 1710 to 1785 MHz. The filters have been fabricated using double-sided YBCO thin films on 03-mm-thick MgO or 0.5-mm-thick LAO substrates. The latest experimental results of the filters, including those encapsulated with a low-noise amplifier in an RF module are presented, showing very promising performance. The issues associated with asymmetric frequency response are investigated to improve the filter performance.

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On the performance of HTS microstrip quasi-elliptic function filters for mobile communications application

This paper presents recent developments of an eight-pole planar high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter with a quasi-elliptic function response. A novel planar filter configuration that allows a pair of transmission zeros to be placed at the band edges is described. The miniature HTS filter has a fraction bandwidth less than 1% and is designed for mobile communication base-station applications to increase sensitivity and selectivity. Design considerations including filter characteristics, design approach, sensitivity analysis and unloaded quality factor of resonators are addressed. The filter was fabricated using double-sided YBCO thin film on an MgO substrate of size 0.3/spl times/22.5/spl times/39 mm. Very good experimental results were obtained with the filter cooled using liquid nitrogen. The minimum passband loss was measured to be approximately 1 dB. The passband width at points 1 dB down from the minimum loss point was 12.8 MHz for a center frequency of 1738.5 MHz. High selectivity was achieved with a 30-dB rejection bandwidth of 16 MHz.

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On the development of superconducting microstrip filters for mobile communications applications

This paper presents a recent investigation of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) duplexer for cellular base-station applications. The duplexer consists of two HTS hybrids and two HTS bandstop filters. The principle and design of the duplexer are described, The components of the duplexer were fabricated individually using double-sided YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (YBCO) thin films on LaAlO/sub 3/ (LAO) substrates. The substrate size for each of the hybrids was 0.5/spl times/22.5/spl times/15.5 mm, while each of the bandstop filters had a substrate size of 0.5/spl times/13/spl times/38 mm. Experiments were performed both with a test housing in a liquid-nitrogen cooler at a temperature of 80 K and in an encapsulated RF connector ring in a vacuum cooler at 55 K, The measured insertion loss was less than 0.3 dB both from the antenna to receiver ports over a receive band of 1770-1785 MHz and from the transmitter to antenna ports over a transmit band of 1805-1880 MHz. The isolation between the transmitter and receiver was measured to be greater than 35 dB, Good measured results were also obtained for the encapsulated duplexer with the maximum insertion loss of 1.15 dB, the additional loss being due to the microstrip feed lines actress the vacuum space, and the minimum isolation of about 30 dB.

/pdf/a-high-temperature-superconducting-duplexer-for-cellular-3qla3b1ff9.pdf

A high-temperature superconducting duplexer for cellular base-station applications

Future third-generation mobile communication systems will require improved sensitivity and selectivity to support the growth in multi-media services, increased coverage, longer talk time and larger numbers of subscribers. The paper describes a transceiver for use in mobile and personal communications base transceiver stations (BTS). Key components of the transceiver are fabricated using thin film high temperature superconductor technologies to achieve, in the receiver chain, enhanced sensitivity and selectivity and, in the transmitter chain, reduced combiner losses and increased selectivity. Cryo-packaging techniques, which provide a long between-service interval are described. The cryogenic r.f. module encapsulation design features novel r.f. and thermal interconnects which obviates the need for long lossy input cables. In-situ tuning methods allow the HTS filters to be optimised at the operating temperature, 60 K, and in vacuum. The transceiver incorporates an integrated miniature Stirling-cycle cooling engine designed for a 5-watt heat lift at 60 K, over an ambient temperature range of -40/spl deg/C to +65/spl deg/C. The control electronics are driven directly from the BTS d.c. supplies. The input power requirement to the cryo-cooler and drive electronics is <250 watts. The design of the cooler is arranged to provide an inherent balance, virtually eliminating vibration. Multiple r.f. transceivers are integrated with a single cryocooler, and together with bypass switching, alarms and lightning protection, are contained within a single mast-head mounted weatherproof housing.

An HTS transceiver for third generation mobile communications

This paper presents recent developments of an 8-pole planar high temperature superconductor bandpass filter with a quasi-elliptic function response. A novel planar filter configuration that allows a pair of transmission zeros to be placed at the band edges is described. The miniature filter has a bandwidth of 15 MHz at a centre frequency of 1777.5 MHz it is designed for mobile communication base station applications. The filter is fabricated using double sided YBCO thin film on an MgO substrate of size 0.3/spl times/22.5/spl times/39 mm. The preliminary results are presented.

D. Jedamzik

Papers

On the development of superconducting microstrip filters for mobile communications applications

On the performance of HTS microstrip quasi-elliptic function filters for mobile communications application

A high-temperature superconducting duplexer for cellular base-station applications

An HTS transceiver for third generation mobile communications

8-pole superconducting quasi-elliptic function filter for mobile communications application