Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide

4.3. Reaction Mechanism 2373 4.4. Asymmetric Synthesis 2374 4.5. Outlook 2374 5. Alternating Polymerization of Oxiranes and CO2 2374 5.1. Reaction Outlines 2374 5.2. Catalyst 2376 5.3. Asymmetric Polymerization 2377 5.4. Immobilized Catalysts 2377 6. Synthesis of Urea and Urethane Derivatives 2378 7. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid 2379 8. Synthesis of Esters and Lactones 2380 9. Synthesis of Isocyanates 2382 10. Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation, and Alcohol Homologation 2382

Transformation of carbon dioxide.

Catalysis for the valorization of exhaust carbon: from CO2 to chemicals, materials, and fuels. technological use of CO2.

In this provocative book, Barwise and Perry tackle the slippery subject of \"meaning, \" a subject that has long vexed linguists, language philosophers, and logicians.

/pdf/situations-and-attitudes-57f065zg2d.pdf

Situations and Attitudes.

Rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations threaten human society, the natural environment, and the synergy between the two. In order to ameliorate the CO2 problem, carbon capture and conversion techniques have been proposed. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based materials, a relatively new class of porous materials with unique structural features, high surface areas, chemical tunability and stability, have been extensively studied with respect to their applicability to such techniques. Recently, it has become apparent that the CO2 capture capabilities of MOF-based materials significantly boost their potential toward CO2 conversion. Furthermore, MOF-based materials’ well-defined structures greatly facilitate the understanding of structure–property relationships and their roles in CO2 capture and conversion. In this review, we provide a comprehensive account of significant progress in the design and synthesis of MOF-based materials, including MOFs, MOF composites and MOF derivatives, and their application to carbon capture and conversion. Special emphases on the relationships between CO2 capture capacities of MOF-based materials and their catalytic CO2 conversion performances are discussed.

Carbon capture and conversion using metal–organic frameworks and MOF-based materials

Ionic liquids containing carboxyl acid moieties grafted onto silica: Synthesis and application as heterogeneous catalysts for cycloaddition reactions of epoxide and carbon dioxide

Dual-porous metal organic framework for room temperature CO2 fixation via cyclic carbonate synthesis

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids with varied alkyl chain lengths bearing different anions (Cl−, Br− and I−) were synthesized and immobilized onto the commercial silica surface (IMIS). These heterogeneous catalysts exhibited high catalytic activities and selectivities in the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to allyl glycidyl ether (AGE). The immobilized ionic liquids with longer alkyl chain length and more nucleophilic anion showed higher activity. In particular, compared with pristine IMIS, zinc halide-combined IMIS (IMIS-Zn) with Cl− exhibited an increased activity, while the IMIS-Zn with Br− and I− showed lower activity than IMIS itself. In addition, the textures of silica supports (surface area and average pore size) have a great impact on the catalytic activity owing to the substance-confined diffusion effects. The recycling experiments showed that the resulting heterogeneous catalysts exhibited good reusability.

Silica grafted imidazolium-based ionic liquids: efficient heterogeneous catalysts for chemical fixation of CO2 to a cyclic carbonate

Catalysts capable of materializing high performance without compromising the green credentials are a pre-requisite for the establishment of a sustainable process. Herein, ZIF-67, a cobalt based zeolitic imidazolate framework possessing acid-base bifunctionalities, is reported for its application in the artificial fixation of CO 2 via cyclic carbonate synthesis. The ZIF-67 is synthesizable in water at room temperature with inexpensive precursors in less than 3 h. The heterogeneous ZIF-67 was found catalytically efficient towards CO 2 -oxirane coupling under moderate reaction conditions with nearly complete selectivity towards five membered cyclic carbonates under solvent free and co-catalyst free conditions and it exhibited good reusability, outperforming the previously reported ZIF catalyst systems on efficiency and economic-environmental aspects. Crystal defects on the surface of the catalyst supposedly assumed to exert opportunistic catalytic roles in this liquid phase cycloaddition reaction and the plausible mechanism with multiple physico-chemical characterizations was proposed. In comparison with the previously reported heterogeneous catalysts synthesized by complicated multistep synthesis involving organic solvents and high temperature, the facile one-pot water mediated room temperature synthesis of ZIF-67 with acido-basic dual active sites makes it more practical for high-performance heterogeneous catalysis ensuring green chemistry perspectives.

A room temperature synthesizable and environmental friendly heterogeneous ZIF-67 catalyst for the solvent less and co-catalyst free synthesis of cyclic carbonates

Dae-Won Park

Papers

Ionic liquids containing carboxyl acid moieties grafted onto silica: Synthesis and application as heterogeneous catalysts for cycloaddition reactions of epoxide and carbon dioxide

Dual-porous metal organic framework for room temperature CO2 fixation via cyclic carbonate synthesis

Silica grafted imidazolium-based ionic liquids: efficient heterogeneous catalysts for chemical fixation of CO2 to a cyclic carbonate

A room temperature synthesizable and environmental friendly heterogeneous ZIF-67 catalyst for the solvent less and co-catalyst free synthesis of cyclic carbonates

A biopolymer mediated efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide