Showing papers in "Green Chemistry in 2011"

TL;DR: Most of the plants used in metal nanoparticle synthesis are shown in this article, and the advantages of using plant and plant-derived materials for biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles have interested researchers to investigate mechanisms of metal ions uptake and bioreduction by plants, and to understand the possible mechanism of nanoparticle formation in plants.

TL;DR: A critical review of the effects of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) on microorganisms and humans can be found in this paper, where the authors provide an overview of the effect of HMF on micro organisms and humans, HMF production and functional group transformations.

TL;DR: The GSK solvent selection guide has been further enhanced by as discussed by the authors, with more than doubling the number of solvents in the guide, to a total of 110 from the initial 47.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present four grand challenges in the field of green solvents: finding a sufficient range of green solvent, recognizing whether a solvent is actually green, finding an easily-removable polar aprotic solvent and eliminating distillation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the processing temperature and time on the chemical structure and morphology of the generated HTC carbon were investigated with the help of SEM, elemental and yield analysis and solid-state MAS 13C NMR, allowing the development of a mechanistic model.

TL;DR: A panoramic overview of recent progress in the most relevant areas related to such materials, including the polymerisation of natural monomers and their derivatives, the exploitation of biopolymers, as such, or after appropriate modifications, as well as the preparation of composites and blends, can be found in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, the advantages and potential of ionic liquids in exploring cleaner catalytic technologies, as compared to traditional catalytic processes, are reviewed with emphasis on four hot fields, viz. biomass conversion, catalytic production of fine chemicals, supported ionic liquid phase catalysis, as well as Friedel-Crafts reactions.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how carbohydrates can be transformed into a variety of chemicals through heterogeneous catalysis, focusing particularly on oxidation, reduction and dehydration of hexoses, as well as one-pot reactions of di- and polysaccharides.

TL;DR: The physical properties of choline chloride mixtures with glycerol are quantified and it is shown that eutectic mixtures can circumvent some of the difficulties of using Glycerol as a solvent viz. high viscosity and high melting point.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the recent developments in the field of research for new catalysts for glycerol is presented, which highlights the role of reaction conditions as well as the possible transport limitations in this tri-phasic system.

TL;DR: In this paper, ground lignocellulosic biomass (Miscanthus giganteus, pine (Pinus sylvestris) and willow (Salix viminalis) was pretreated with ionic liquid-water mixtures of 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium methyl sulfate and 1- butyl- 3methyloridehydrogensulfate hydrogen sulfate.

TL;DR: An overview of the main properties and applications of ethyl lactate, as well as its synthesis and production processes, with a particular emphasis on reactive/separation processes, is presented in this paper.

TL;DR: In this article, a green synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, one of the most important chemical building blocks from biomass, viaoxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has been demonstrated using hydrotalcite-supported gold nanoparticle catalyst in water at 368 K under atmospheric oxygen pressure without addition of homogeneous base.

TL;DR: The present state of the art in the use of enzymes and microorganisms for catalytic oxidation and oxyfunctionalization chemistry is reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize high stable dispersions of nanosized copper particles with an average particle size less than 2 nm using a straightforward, cost-effective, and green method.

TL;DR: In this paper, a Ni(OH)2-modified CdS nanorod-type composite photocatalyst was presented, which achieved a visible-light H2-production rate of 5085 μmol h−1 g−1 corresponding to 28% quantum efficiency (QE) at 420 nm.

TL;DR: In this contribution recent developments in the field of enzymatic reduction using whole cells and isolated enzymes are reviewed.

TL;DR: A carbon-based solid acid, which was prepared by a facile and eco-friendly approach from glucose and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH), was used to catalyze fructose dehydration into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) for the first time and exhibits excellent catalytic performance as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, a catalytic process for the conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) using a RuRe/C catalyst was presented.

TL;DR: A review of the potential efficacy of ionic liquids for metal dissolution, extraction and recovery can be found in this paper, where a number of studies have been made into ionic liquid based methods.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the energy efficiency of microwave-assisted organic transformations in the context of scaling-up this technology to production quantities, with a focus on the 6th principle: design for energy efficiency.

TL;DR: Visible light induced oxidative C–H functionalisation of tertiary amines catalysed by the combination of graphene oxide and Rose Bengal was developed, providing α-cyano- and α-trifluoromethylated tertiaries amines.

TL;DR: In this article, the chemistry of green materials synthesized with supercritical fluids is described, and the surface control of nanoparticles in supercritical water is also explained, and commercialization of super-critical water processes is discussed.

TL;DR: A review of catalytic metal-free transfer hydrogenations can be found in this paper, where the authors focus on the recent advances in catalytic asymmetric reductions, which are promising and important alternatives to conventional metal-and bio-catalyzed reductions.

TL;DR: In this article, the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural was studied under mild reaction conditions using TiO2-supported Au and Au-Cu catalysts synthesized from pre-formed nanoparticles.

TL;DR: In this article, the selectivity of sorbitol and mannitol increases by using Cl-free metal precursors in the catalyst preparation as residual Cl on the catalysts promotes the side-reactions.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of carboxyl-group-functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquids (CILs) were synthesized and grafted onto silica gel.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the common Lewis acid AlCl3 to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from carbohydrate and biopolymer substrates in water, DMSO, and water-methylisobutylketone biphasic solvents under microwave irradiation.

TL;DR: An environmentally friendly method for preparing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was established based on the typical hydrolysable tannin, tannic acid (TA), which is fully competent in reducing GO and stabilizing rGO simultaneously as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Several tertiary amines serve as switchable-hydrophilicity solvents, meaning that they are hydrophobic, having very low miscibility with water when under air but hydrophilic, having complete miscibility in an atmosphere of CO2 as mentioned in this paper.