The present paper review the drug-DNA interactions, their types and applications of experimental techniques used to study interactions between DNA and small ligand molecules that are potentially of pharmaceutical interest. DNA has been known to be the cellular target for many cytotoxic anticancer agents for several decades. Understanding how drug molecules interact with DNA has become an active research area at the interface between chemistry, molecular biology and medicine. In this review article, we attempt to bring together topics that cover the breadth of this large area of research. The interaction of drugs with DNA is a significant feature in pharmacology and plays a vital role in the determination of the mechanisms of drug action and designing of more efficient and specifically targeted drugs with lesser side effects. Several instrumental techniques are used to study such interactions. In the present review, we will discuss UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The applications of spectroscopic techniques are reviewed and we have discussed the type of information (qualitative or quantitative) that can be obtained from the use of each technique. Not only have novel techniques been applied to study drug-DNA interactions but such interactions may also be the basis for the development of new assays. The interaction between DNA and drugs can cause chemical and conformational modifications and, thus, variation of the electrochemical properties of nucleobases.

Drug-DNA interactions and their study by UV-Visible, fluorescence spectroscopies and cyclic voltametry.

We review second- and third-order multivariate calibration, based on the growing literature in this field, the variety of data being produced by modern instruments, and the proliferation of algorithms capable of dealing with higher-order data. We primarily emphasize the relevance of the subject to analytical chemistry. We intend, in the terminology section, to clarify some confusing features relating to the definition of sample constituents in second-order calibration. We then classify and compare instrumental data and available algorithms. We provide insight into the relative advantages and disadvantages of the existing algorithms (e.g., in terms of: achieving second-order advantage (the ability to cope with varying amounts of potential interferents in test samples), presence of linear dependency in the data, handling trilinear deviations, using incomplete calibration data, extension to higher-order information, handling missing values; and, providing physico-chemical information. Finally, we present a number of applications, selected from recent second- and third-order experimental works based on data obtained through excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy, spectral-kinetic and spectral-pH measurements, and hyphenated techniques.

Second- and third-order multivariate calibration: data, algorithms and applications

Studying non-covalent drug-DNA interactions.

This review describes advances in multiway analysis during the period 2000–2005. Multiway analysis started to take off in chemistry in the 1980s, but only in recent years has it been broadly applied to many diverse kinds of data. This review reflects how the field has matured and how the methods have been applied to more and more difficult types of data in new research areas. Multiway analysis is described in terms of different types of data, different areas of applications as well as more fundamental and theoretical results throughout the period. It is evident from this review that multiway analysis is presently a generally accepted and used tool whose full potential is far from reached.

Review on Multiway Analysis in Chemistry—2000–2005

The interaction between farrerol and calf thymus DNA in a pH 7.4 Tris-HCl buffer was investigated with the use of neutral red (NR) dye as a spectral probe by UV–vis absorption, fluorescence, and ci...

Molecular spectroscopic studies of farrerol interaction with calf thymus DNA.

Synchronous fluorescence, UV-visible spectrophotometric, and voltammetric studies of the competitive interaction of bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) complex and neutral red with DNA.

Synchronous fluorescence and UV–vis spectrometric study of the competitive interaction of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and Neutral Red with DNA using chemometrics approaches

Synchronous fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopic studies of interactions between the tetracycline antibiotic, aluminium ions and DNA with the aid of the Methylene Blue dye probe.

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Daiqin Lin

Papers

Synchronous fluorescence, UV-visible spectrophotometric, and voltammetric studies of the competitive interaction of bis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) complex and neutral red with DNA.

Synchronous fluorescence and UV–vis spectrometric study of the competitive interaction of chlorpromazine hydrochloride and Neutral Red with DNA using chemometrics approaches

Synchronous fluorescence and UV-vis spectroscopic studies of interactions between the tetracycline antibiotic, aluminium ions and DNA with the aid of the Methylene Blue dye probe.

Development of Fluorescent Aptasensors Based on G-Quadruplex Quenching Ability for Ochratoxin A and Potassium Ions Detection