1: Magnetic Particles: Preparation, Properties and Applications: M. Ozaki. 2: Maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3): A Versatile Magnetic Colloidal Material C.J. Serna, M.P. Morales. 3: Dynamics of Adsorption and Oxidation of Organic Molecules on Illuminated Titanium Dioxide Particles Immersed in Water M.A. Blesa, R.J. Candal, S.A. Bilmes. 4: Colloidal Aggregation in Two-Dimensions A. Moncho-Jorda, F. Martinez-Lopez, M.A. Cabrerizo-Vilchez, R. Hidalgo Alvarez, M. Quesada-PMerez. 5: Kinetics of Particle and Protein Adsorption Z. Adamczyk.

Surface and Colloid Science

Dissipative solitons

Dynamic surface and interfacial tensions of surfactant and polymer solutions

Dilational and shear rheology of adsorption layers at liquid interfaces

The major photochemistry consisted of solar EUV and photoelectrons comprising 70 percent and 30 percent respectively, of the initial source of CO2(+) and O(+). The energetic O2(+) provided a substantial source of energy to the ambient ions, distributing of the order of 1.6 x 10 to the -7 power W/sq m at an average of 160 km. This input can be compared to that from the ambient electrons of 1.3 x 10 to the -7 power W/sq m with average deposition at 145 km and from the calculated thermal conduction of 1 x 10 to the -9 power W/sq m at 270 km and 1 x 10 to the -8 power at 230 km for assumed dip angles of 2 deg and 12 deg respectively, for a 10nT magnetic field. At altitudes above 250 km upward, vertical fluxes of the order 6 x 10 to the 10th power/sq m/sec for the thermal ions were calculated. The net ionization of O(+) and CO2(+) by charge exchange with incoming solar wind protons varied from 5 x 10 to the 8th power to 5 x 10 to the 12th power /sq m/sec for assumed field strengths of 50nT to 2nT on the dayside of the planet.

An investigation and analysis of the density and thermal balance of the Martian ionosphere

Transverse and longitudinal waves induced and sustained by surfactant gradients at liquid-liquid interfaces

Sternling and Scriven1 showed that the Marangoni elasticity induced by the isothermal transfer of a surface active solute between two adjacent immiscible bulks could result in convective motion.

Transverse and longitudinal waves at the air-liquid interface in the presence of an adsorption barrier

For a two-dimensional shallow liquid layer open to air and subjected to a thermal gradient (B\'enard problem), the threshold condition is given for the onset of a Korteweg\char21{}de Vries soliton as the result of an instability triggered by the Marangoni effect, i.e., by the variation of the interfacial tension with temperature or concentration of a surfactant. In the absence of buoyancy, in contrast with B\'enard convection, the heating for standard liquids must be done from the air side. However, for liquids exhibiting a minimum in surface tension with temperature the heating can also be done from the liquid side when operating past the minimum where the surface-tension coefficient increases with temperature.

Korteweg-de Vries soliton excitation in Bénard-Marangoni convection.

In Marangoni–Benard convection with mass transfer from gas phase to liquid phase, it is found that solitary waves, excited and sustained by Marangoni stresses, are very stable during interactions with others, keeping their original shapes and celerities after interactions, thus experiencing at most a phase shift. Both positive and negative phase shifts have been observed for different types of oblique interaction. A ‘‘critical’’ angle, at which zero phase shift occurs as a result of the interaction, has been defined to delineate regions of negative and positive phase shifts.

Oblique and head‐on collisions of solitary waves in Marangoni–Bénard convection

In Marangoni–Benard convection with mass transfer from the air to the liquid, an experimental exploration of reflections of solitary waves at walls has been carried out. Mach stems are observed for small enough incident angles. Upon increasing the incident angle the stem disappears thus leading to regular reflections with, however, the angle of reflection being generally larger than the incident angle.

Xiao-Lin Chu

Papers

Transverse and longitudinal waves induced and sustained by surfactant gradients at liquid-liquid interfaces

Transverse and longitudinal waves at the air-liquid interface in the presence of an adsorption barrier

Korteweg-de Vries soliton excitation in Bénard-Marangoni convection.

Oblique and head‐on collisions of solitary waves in Marangoni–Bénard convection

Wall reflections of solitary waves in Marangoni-Bénard convection