The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Telling Lies Clues To Deceit In The Marketplace Politics And Marriage

Virtual Reality (VR) is gaining increasing importance in science, education, and entertainment. A fundamental characteristic of VR is creating presence, the experience of 'being' or 'acting', when physically situated in another place. Measuring presence is vital for VR research and development. It is typically repeatedly assessed through questionnaires completed after leaving a VR scene. Requiring participants to leave and re-enter the VR costs time and can cause disorientation. In this paper, we investigate the effect of completing presence questionnaires directly in VR. Thirty-six participants experienced two immersion levels and filled three standardized presence questionnaires in the real world or VR. We found no effect on the questionnaires' mean scores; however, we found that the variance of those measures significantly depends on the realism of the virtual scene and if the subjects had left the VR. The results indicate that, besides reducing a study's duration and reducing disorientation, completing questionnaires in VR does not change the measured presence but can increase the consistency of the variance.

Using Presence Questionnaires in Virtual Reality

Rendering the user's body in virtual reality increases immersion and presence the illusion of "being there". Recent technology enables determining the pose and position of the hands to render them accordingly while interacting within the virtual environment. Virtual reality applications often use realistic male or female hands, mimic robotic hands, or cartoon hands. However, it is unclear how users perceive different hand styles. We conducted a study with 14 male and 14 female participants in virtual reality to investigate the effect of gender on the perception of six different hands. Quantitative and qualitative results show that women perceive lower levels of presence while using male avatar hands and male perceive lower levels of presence using non-human avatar hands. While women dislike male hands, men accept and feel presence with avatar hands of both genders. Our results highlight the importance of considering the users' diversity when designing virtual reality experiences.

"These are not my hands!": Effect of Gender on the Perception of Avatar Hands in Virtual Reality

Research in human-computer interaction often requires the acquisition of self-reported data. Particularly concerning serious games, the interaction between the game and the user still holds many unknown aspects, partly due to the user's double role as player and learner. An easy way of collecting data consists of questionnaires, mostly employed in pen-and-paper or electronic form. In order to gather data points during game play, the player is interrupted, potentially causing unintentional side effects. We suggest an integration of questionnaires into games as game elements, in order to mitigate the effects of interruption. A serious game prototype with an integrated survey was implemented, and evaluated regarding its effects on the players' experience of presence.

Integrated Questionnaires: Maintaining Presence in Game Environments for Self-Reported Data Acquisition

This paper will discuss the concept of a smart mirror for healthier living, the FitMirror. Many people have serious problems to get up after sleeping, to get motivated for the day, or are tired and in a bad mood in the morning. The goal of FitMirror is to positively affect the user's feelings by increasing his/her motivation, mood and feeling of fitness. While concepts for these isolated problems exist, none of these combine them into one system. FitMirror is implemented to combine them and evaluate them in a study. It consists of a monitor with spy-foil, a Microsoft Kinect v2 and a Wii Balance Board and can recognize users and their gestures with these elements. Several hypotheses about the system regarding motivation, fun, difficulty and getting awake were investigated. Participants were grouped by the factors sportspersons and morning persons to investigate the effect based on these aspects. Results show that FitMirror can help users get awake in the morning, raise their motivation to do sports and motivate them for the day.

Fitmirror: a smart mirror for positive affect in everyday user morning routines

Symptoms of progressing dementia like memory loss, impaired executive function and decreasing motivation can gradually undermine instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) such as cooking. Assisting technologies in form of augmented reality (AR) have previously been applied to support cognitively impaired users during IADLs. In most cases, instructions were provided locally via projection or a head-mounted display (HMD) but lacked an incentive mechanism and the flexibility to support a broad range of use-cases. To provide users and therapists with a holistic solution, we propose cARe, a framework that can be easily adapted by therapists to various use-cases without any programming knowledge. Users are then guided through manual processes with localized visual and auditory cues that are rendered by an HMD. Our ongoing user study indicates that users are more comfortable and successful in cooking with cARe as compared to a printed recipe, which promises a more dignified and autonomous living for dementia patients.

cARe: An Augmented Reality Support System for Dementia Patients

We present Movelet, a self-actuated bracelet that can move along the user's forearm to convey feedback via its movement and positioning. In contrast to other eyes-free modalities such as vibro-tactile feedback, that only works momentarily, Movelet is able to provide sustained feedback via its spatial position on the forearm, in addition to momentary feedback by movement. This allows to continuously inform the user about the changing state of information utilizing their haptic perception. In a user study using the Movelet prototype, we found that users can blindly estimate the device's position on the forearm with an average deviation of 1.20cm to the actual position and estimate the length of a movemement with an average deviation of 1.44cm. This shows the applicability of position-based feedback using haptic perception.

Movelet: a self-actuated movable bracelet for positional haptic feedback on the user's forearm

Cognitive impairment such as memory loss, an impaired executive function and decreasing motivation can gradually undermine instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). With an older growing population, previous works have explored assistive technologies (ATs) to automate repetitive components of therapy and thereby increase patients' autonomy and reduce dependence on carers. While most ATs were built around screens and projection-based augmented reality (AR), the potential of head-mounted displays (HMDs) for therapeutic assistance is still under-explored. As a contribution to this effort we present cARe, an HMD-based AR framework that uses in-situ instructions and a guidance mechanism to assist patients with manual tasks. In a case study with six geriatric patients, we investigated the prototype's feasibility during a cooking task in comparison to a regular paper-based recipe. Qualitative and quantitative results indicate that cARe has potential to offer assistance to older individuals with declining cognitive function in their day-to-day tasks and increase their independence in an enjoyable way.

Daniel Besserer

Papers

Integrated Questionnaires: Maintaining Presence in Game Environments for Self-Reported Data Acquisition

Fitmirror: a smart mirror for positive affect in everyday user morning routines

cARe: An Augmented Reality Support System for Dementia Patients

Movelet: a self-actuated movable bracelet for positional haptic feedback on the user's forearm

cARe: an augmented reality support system for geriatric inpatients with mild cognitive impairment