3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

Transition-metal-catalyzed addition of heteroatom-hydrogen bonds to alkynes.

Oxidation of alcohols by “activated” dimethyl sulfoxide. a preparative, steric and mechanistic study

In this tutorial review, the fundamental concepts underlying the principles of green and sustainable chemistry - atom and step economy and the E factor - are presented, within the general context of efficiency in organic synthesis. The importance of waste minimisation through the widespread application of catalysis in all its forms – homogeneous, heterogeneous, organocatalysis and biocatalysis – is discussed. These general principles are illustrated with simple practical examples, such as alcohol oxidation and carbonylation and the asymmetric reduction of ketones. The latter reaction is exemplified by a three enzyme process for the production of a key intermediate in the synthesis of the cholesterol lowering agent, atorvastatin. The immobilisation of enzymes as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) as a means of optimizing operational performance is presented. The use of immobilised enzymes in catalytic cascade processes is illustrated with a trienzymatic process for the conversion of benzaldehyde to (S)-mandelic acid using a combi-CLEA containing three enzymes. Finally, the transition from fossil-based chemicals manufacture to a more sustainable biomass-based production is discussed.

http://www.industrialgreenchem.com/pdf-docs/abstracts/roger-sheldon.pdf

Fundamentals of green chemistry: efficiency in reaction design

http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/GC/b7/b711717e/b711717e.pdf

Green chemistry tools to influence a medicinal chemistry and research chemistry based organisation

Clarification of the acid-catalyzed reaction of glyoxal with carbamate esters

Pseudohalogens. IX. Reaction of iodine isocyanate with dienes and acetylenes

In the dextrose-free recipe at 41°F. for the copolymerization of butadiene and styrene, using 6 × 10−4 mole of initiator per one hundred grams of monomers, methyl oleate peroxide (MOP) and methyl linoleate peroxide (MLP) gave higher polymerization rates and conversions than cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), and they gave as high rates of conversion as p-menthane hydroperoxide (PMHP). In the peroxide-dextrose recipe at 122°F., at both low and high dextrose levels, only about one-half as much MOP (1.5 × 10−4 mole) as CHP or PMHP was employed on a molar basis to achieve the same conversion and polymerization rate. In the low dextrose-redox recipe at 41°F., using 6 × 10−4 mole of initiator per one hundred grams of monomers, MLP gave slightly higher conversions than CHP or PMHP, but in the amine recipe at 41°F., MLP gave lower conversions.

Daniel Swern

Papers

Clarification of the acid-catalyzed reaction of glyoxal with carbamate esters

Pseudohalogens. IX. Reaction of iodine isocyanate with dienes and acetylenes

Peroxides from autoxidized methyl oleate and linoleate as initiators in the preparation of butadiene-styrene synthetic rubber†

Epiandrosterone- and Dehydroepiandrosterone-3β-alkanesulfonates as Inhibitors of Mouse Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity

A nonazide source of cyanonitrene and its interception by tertiary amines