3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

Transition-metal-catalyzed addition of heteroatom-hydrogen bonds to alkynes.

Oxidation of alcohols by “activated” dimethyl sulfoxide. a preparative, steric and mechanistic study

In this tutorial review, the fundamental concepts underlying the principles of green and sustainable chemistry - atom and step economy and the E factor - are presented, within the general context of efficiency in organic synthesis. The importance of waste minimisation through the widespread application of catalysis in all its forms – homogeneous, heterogeneous, organocatalysis and biocatalysis – is discussed. These general principles are illustrated with simple practical examples, such as alcohol oxidation and carbonylation and the asymmetric reduction of ketones. The latter reaction is exemplified by a three enzyme process for the production of a key intermediate in the synthesis of the cholesterol lowering agent, atorvastatin. The immobilisation of enzymes as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) as a means of optimizing operational performance is presented. The use of immobilised enzymes in catalytic cascade processes is illustrated with a trienzymatic process for the conversion of benzaldehyde to (S)-mandelic acid using a combi-CLEA containing three enzymes. Finally, the transition from fossil-based chemicals manufacture to a more sustainable biomass-based production is discussed.

http://www.industrialgreenchem.com/pdf-docs/abstracts/roger-sheldon.pdf

Fundamentals of green chemistry: efficiency in reaction design

http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/GC/b7/b711717e/b711717e.pdf

Daniel Swern

Papers

Fatty Acid Amides. VI.2 Preparation of Substituted Amidostearic Acids by Addition of Nitriles to Oleic Acid3

Pseudohalogens. XVIII. Addition of pseudohalogens to 1,5-cyclooctadiene

Tetracovalent sulfur intermediates in iminosulfurane synthesis. Genesis of a potentially general ylid preparation

Chemistry of Epoxy Compounds. XIII.2 Urea Complex Formation in Determining the Configurations of the 9,10-Dihydroxystearic Acids

X-Ray Diffraction and Melting Point-Composition Studies on the 9,10-Epoxy- and Dihydroxystearic Acids and 9,10-Epoxyoctadecanols2