3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

Transition-metal-catalyzed addition of heteroatom-hydrogen bonds to alkynes.

Oxidation of alcohols by “activated” dimethyl sulfoxide. a preparative, steric and mechanistic study

In this tutorial review, the fundamental concepts underlying the principles of green and sustainable chemistry - atom and step economy and the E factor - are presented, within the general context of efficiency in organic synthesis. The importance of waste minimisation through the widespread application of catalysis in all its forms – homogeneous, heterogeneous, organocatalysis and biocatalysis – is discussed. These general principles are illustrated with simple practical examples, such as alcohol oxidation and carbonylation and the asymmetric reduction of ketones. The latter reaction is exemplified by a three enzyme process for the production of a key intermediate in the synthesis of the cholesterol lowering agent, atorvastatin. The immobilisation of enzymes as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) as a means of optimizing operational performance is presented. The use of immobilised enzymes in catalytic cascade processes is illustrated with a trienzymatic process for the conversion of benzaldehyde to (S)-mandelic acid using a combi-CLEA containing three enzymes. Finally, the transition from fossil-based chemicals manufacture to a more sustainable biomass-based production is discussed.

http://www.industrialgreenchem.com/pdf-docs/abstracts/roger-sheldon.pdf

Fundamentals of green chemistry: efficiency in reaction design

http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/GC/b7/b711717e/b711717e.pdf

Green chemistry tools to influence a medicinal chemistry and research chemistry based organisation

X-ray diffraction powder data and melting points have been determined on three series of crystalline long-chain sulfur compounds, namely 11-(n-alkylsulfonyl)-undecanoic acids; 11-(n-alkylsulfinyl) undecanoic acids; and 11-(n-alkylthio) undecanoic acids; where R is a selected alkyl group from methyl through undecyl. In the sulfone series the long spacings increase regularly with the increase in the number of carbon atoms in R. In contrast to unsubstituted longchain fatty acids the odd and even members fall on the same line in the plot of long spacings against carbon atoms in R. As expected, a nonalternation in melting point is observed. In both the sulfoxide and sulfide series two nonparallel straight lines are obtained, one for the even-membered and one for the odd-membered compounds, in the plot of long spacings against carbon atoms in R. As expected, the melting points of the sulfoxides and sulfides show an alternation. Polymorphism is more evident and complicates the interpretations most in the sulfide series and least in the sulfone series. all three series of compounds crystallized as tilted dimers.

X-ray diffraction and melting-point studies on some long-chain sulfur-containing acids

Kinetics of the rearrangement of (n‐nitrosomethylamino)acetonitrile in basic methanol by differential pulse polarography

Nitrosyl acylates. addition of nitrosyl formate to olefins

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bis-Phosphonester organischer Saeuren

Iminosulfuranes and iminosulfonium salts have been prepared from biologically active sulfonamides and other biologically active and related amino compounds. The new compounds have been characterized by nmr, uv, ir, mass spectra and elemental analysis. Deuterated analogs have also been prepared in selected cases for mass spectral comparison with their nondeuterated counterparts.

Daniel Swern

Papers

X-ray diffraction and melting-point studies on some long-chain sulfur-containing acids

Kinetics of the rearrangement of (n‐nitrosomethylamino)acetonitrile in basic methanol by differential pulse polarography

Nitrosyl acylates. addition of nitrosyl formate to olefins

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bis-Phosphonester organischer Saeuren

Iminosulfuranes from biologically active sulfonamides and related compounds