Showing papers by "Danny Miller published in 2015"
Posted Content•
TL;DR: The MegaFace dataset as mentioned in this paper contains one million photos that capture more than 690k different individuals and evaluated the performance of algorithms with increasing numbers of distractors in the gallery set.
Abstract: Recent face recognition experiments on a major benchmark LFW show stunning performance--a number of algorithms achieve near to perfect score, surpassing human recognition rates. In this paper, we advocate evaluations at the million scale (LFW includes only 13K photos of 5K people). To this end, we have assembled the MegaFace dataset and created the first MegaFace challenge. Our dataset includes One Million photos that capture more than 690K different individuals. The challenge evaluates performance of algorithms with increasing numbers of distractors (going from 10 to 1M) in the gallery set. We present both identification and verification performance, evaluate performance with respect to pose and a person's age, and compare as a function of training data size (number of photos and people). We report results of state of the art and baseline algorithms. Our key observations are that testing at the million scale reveals big performance differences (of algorithms that perform similarly well on smaller scale) and that age invariant recognition as well as pose are still challenging for most. The MegaFace dataset, baseline code, and evaluation scripts, are all publicly released for further experimentations at: this http URL.
446 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a conceptual framework for relational competition, which can contrast the rivalrous and competitive-cooperative modes and a new approach called relational competition and draw conjectures about the moderators, such as industry and culture, that determine the appropriateness of these forms of interaction.
Abstract: Competitive dynamics research, despite progress, lacks a conceptual framework that can extend the field's reach to address today's environment. Increasing stakeholder power and globalization are but two of the organizational and economic forces compelling a broader conceptualization of competition. Our framework expands competitive dynamics along five dimensions—aims of competition, mode of competing, roster of actors, action toolkit, and time horizon of interaction—that prove useful for contrasting the rivalrous and competitive-cooperative modes and a new approach we call relational competition. We draw conjectures about the moderators, such as industry and culture, that determine the appropriateness of these forms of interaction, and conclude by relating our method to three discrete perspectives: the configurational, transaction cost, and stakeholder views.
237 citations
TL;DR: The negative aspects of the entrepreneurial personality have been largely ignored by the literature as discussed by the authors, who argue that given the nature of the challenges facing many entrepreneurs and the consequent demands of their jobs, certain personality traits will be quite valuable to them.
Abstract: The literature on entrepreneurship bears a distinctly positive cast, often with good reason. Entrepreneurs and their innovations have contributed enormously to national wealth, and so scholars have examined the personalities, capabilities, and contexts underlying these contributions. However, despite some early work, the negative aspects of the entrepreneurial personality have been largely ignored. We shall argue that given the nature of the challenges facing many entrepreneurs and the consequent demands of their jobs, certain personality traits will be quite valuable to them. These, however, tend to be Janus-faced in that positive attributes, such as energy, self-confidence, need for achievement, and independence, may sometimes devolve naturally into aggressiveness, narcissism, ruthlessness, and irresponsibility. Given the costly repercussions of the latter characteristics, we urge more study of their nature and causes among entrepreneurs.
196 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that necessity entrepreneurs are more likely than other entrepreneurs to pursue a cost leadership strategy and less likely to pursue differentiation strategy and up to half of the difference in choice of strategy can be attributed to distinct endowments of human capital, socioeconomic attributes, and start-up project characteristics that correlate with necessity entrepreneurship.
Abstract: Many start-ups chose to compete with incumbent firms using one of two generic strategies: cost leadership or differentiation. Our study demonstrates how this choice depends on whether the start-up was founded out of necessity. Our results, based on a representative data set of 4,568 German start-ups, show that necessity entrepreneurs are more likely than other entrepreneurs to pursue a cost leadership strategy and less likely to pursue a differentiation strategy. Decomposition analyses further show that up to half of the difference in choice of strategy can be attributed to distinct endowments of human capital, socioeconomic attributes, and start-up project characteristics that correlate with necessity entrepreneurship.
164 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of a meta-analysis of the financial performance of family firms and find that family firms show an economically weak, albeit statistically significant, superior performance compared to non-family firms.
141 citations
TL;DR: This paper investigated whether and when highly trained human capital constitutes a rent-sustaining resource and found that the advantage accruing to graduates of selective universities was strongest for undergraduate programs as these related to the kinds of talent demanded of a CEO and the advantage was greatest in smaller firms where CEO discretion might be highest and for younger CEOs who may benefit most from college and are less able to appropriate rents.
Abstract: We investigate whether and when highly trained human capital constitutes a rent-sustaining resource. Our study of 444 CEOs celebrated on the covers of major U.S. business magazines found an advantage accruing to graduates of selective universities. Such CEOs led firms with higher and more sustained market valuations. The advantage was strongest for undergraduate programs as these related to the kinds of talent demanded of a CEO. The advantage also was greatest in smaller firms where CEO discretion might be highest and for younger CEOs who may benefit most from college and are less able to appropriate rents. Finally, the advantage accrued to graduates of more recent years, when selective schools had become less socially elitist and increasingly meritocratic, thus favoring human versus social capital. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
125 citations
TL;DR: The authors explores how socio-emotional preferences shape the approach to innovation and explores how such preferences, together with their impact on resources and the innovation demands of their markets, shape the approaches to innovation.
Abstract: Family business socio-emotional preferences are often Janus-faced. Some strive to create a strong business they can pass on to offspring by building innovation-promoting resources such as human, relational, and financial capital. Other family firms cater to family desires for unqualified nepotism, altruism towards undeserving kin, and appropriation of firm assets to fulfill parochial desires that erode these resources. This article explores how such preferences, together with their impact on resources and the innovation demands of their markets, shape the approach to innovation.
116 citations
TL;DR: It is argued that sources of rent such as isolating mechanisms often have a dark side that renders resources more vulnerable, and highlights three categories of challenges to managing resource vulnerability: protecting them from erosion, coping with their ambiguity, and preserving their required alignment.
Abstract: Resource-based scholars have focused on the properties of resources and the isolating mechanisms that sustain their rents in the face of competition. Unfortunately, they have devoted far less attention to the sources of vulnerability of many of these resources. We argue that, paradoxically, sources of rent such as isolating mechanisms often have a dark side that renders resources more vulnerable. We highlight three categories of challenges to managing resource vulnerability�protecting them from erosion, coping with their ambiguity, and preserving their required alignment�and identify sources of vulnerability within each. We address these via three primary functions of curatorship: preservation, connoisseurship, and orchestration, respectively.
68 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that agency theory, behavioral agency perspectives, and the resource-based view all posit both positive and negative influences regarding entrepreneurship in family firms, while empirical studies, collectively, are no less ambiguous in their findings.
68 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: It is found that the performance of algorithms varies--while all perform great on LFW, once evaluated at scale recognition rates drop drastically for most algorithms.
Abstract: Recent face recognition experiments on the LFW benchmark show that face recognition is performing stunningly well, surpassing human recognition rates. In this paper, we study face recognition at scale. Specifically, we have collected from Flickr a \textbf{Million} faces and evaluated state of the art face recognition algorithms on this dataset. We found that the performance of algorithms varies--while all perform great on LFW, once evaluated at scale recognition rates drop drastically for most algorithms. Interestingly, deep learning based approach by \cite{schroff2015facenet} performs much better, but still gets less robust at scale. We consider both verification and identification problems, and evaluate how pose affects recognition at scale. Moreover, we ran an extensive human study on Mechanical Turk to evaluate human recognition at scale, and report results. All the photos are creative commons photos and is released at \small{\url{this http URL}} for research and further experiments.
54 citations
TL;DR: There has been a good deal of debate regarding the performance of family firms as discussed by the authors. Explanations for divergent findings have ranged from variations in governance arrangements to particular organization, and particular organizations.
Abstract: There has been a good deal of debate regarding the performance of family firms. Explanations for divergent findings have ranged from variations in governance arrangements to particular organization...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of a meta-analysis of the financial performance of family firms and find that family firms show an economically weak, albeit statistically significant, superior performance compared to non-family firms.
Abstract: This study presents the results of a meta-analysis of the financial performance of family firms. Drawing on a sample of 380 studies, we find that family firms show an economically weak, albeit statistically significant, superior performance compared to non-family firms. Furthermore, we find moderating factors to significantly condition the relationship. These results show that the positive effect of family firms on financial performance is more pronounced in samples of public and large firms and when an ownership definition of family firms is used. It is also notable that family firms do best when their performance is assessed by ROA, a measure that is not as influenced by financial structure as ROE. Based on the broad empirical evidence obtained, we discuss implications and avenues for future research.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors track in real time the frequent confidential communications of an entrepreneur and his closest consultant and partner during the last 6 months of a failing venture and show how that person simultaneously can be optimistic and realistic, and persistent and adaptive.
Abstract: Entrepreneurs have been portrayed in paradoxically contrasting ways in the literature. On the one hand, they are said to be intrepid optimists who venture forth with great persistence even in the face of considerable uncertainty and multiple failures; on the other hand, they are held to be realists who are quick to acknowledge the negative realities of their initiatives and adapt very quickly. In order to reconcile these contrasting views, this study tracks in real time the frequent confidential communications of an entrepreneur and his closest consultant and partner during the last 6 months of a failing venture. We are able to gain insight into how by adopting a positive “frame” or consistent mindset about the future, the entrepreneur is able to sustain confidence in the face of significant challenge while at the same time acknowledging and reacting to significant problems in the present. We propose that an intrinsic quality of an entrepreneur is this ability to integrate or reconcile these seeming opposites—to manage paradox, largely by bifurcating time—by making temporal distinctions, and we show how that person simultaneously can be optimistic and realistic, and persistent and adaptive.
TL;DR: The authors characterize organizational research as a process driven by researcher's adaptations to institutional pressures and resource constraints, drawing on observations on the evolution of several reseignorant research groups over time.
Abstract: We characterize organizational research as a process driven by researcher’s adaptations to institutional pressures and resource constraints. Drawing on observations on the evolution of several rese...
24 Aug 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, an artigo busca entender as tarefas de uma antropologia digital a partir de um confronto direto entre o humano and o digital.
Abstract: O artigo busca entender as tarefas de uma AntropologiaDigital a partir de um confronto direto entre o humano eo digital. Entao, constroi seis principios centrais: 1) o digitale a dialetica; 2) a cultura e o principio da falsa autenticidade;3) transcendendo o metodo por meio do principioholistico; 4) a questao da “voz” e o principio do relativismo;5) Ambivalencia e o principio de abertura e fechamento;6) normatividade e o principio da materialidade.Palavras-chave: Digital; Humano; Antropologia Digital;cultura material
TL;DR: A study of patients living with terminal cancer who live in villages and yet become isolated and lonely is presented in this article. But the study is limited to the case of a single patient.
Abstract: Social science contains a grand narrative about our fall from intense sociality to fragmented individualism. The present essay contests this narrative with respect to the sociality of the English. It starts with a study of hospice patients with terminal cancer who live in villages and yet become isolated and lonely. To explain this phenomenon, it uses a larger ethnography of village life, finding that villagers are highly sociable and philanthropic in the public domain, but circumspect and reticent with regard to the private domain. So once patients are restricted to their homes, isolation follows. The article further examines the comparative anthropology of Britain and historical studies of neighbors and family relations to suggest that this pattern of sociality has held true for centuries and represents nothing new. Finally, I consider these insights in the context of a wider study of social media, and its consequences for the work of the hospice.
TL;DR: The results reveal significant market power raising premiums, but only in markets where the merging firms overlap, and large, across-the-board bargaining gains only occur when the merged firms consolidate their existing plans.
Abstract: We examine horizontal mergers amongst Part D insurers with the aim of decomposing market power, cost efficiency, and bargaining power effects. We apply a differences-in-differences identification strategy to panel data on plans offered between 2006 and 2012 to analyze the effects of mergers on plan premiums and coverage characteristics related to drug access and drug pricing. The results reveal significant market power raising premiums, but only in markets where the merging firms overlap. Mergers alter the bargaining process with drug suppliers, invoking a tradeoff between drug access and drug pricing. Large, across-the-board bargaining gains only occur when the merging firms consolidate their existing plans. Plan consolidation also stimulates cost efficiencies, even when carried out organically by non-merging insurers. Otherwise, mergers have no cost efficiency effects.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: There has been a good deal of debate regarding the performance of family firms as mentioned in this paper. Explanations for divergent findings have ranged from variations in governance arrangements to particular organization, and particular organizations.
Abstract: There has been a good deal of debate regarding the performance of family firms. Explanations for divergent findings have ranged from variations in governance arrangements to particular organization...
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: The authors argue that the parochial socio-emotional wealth goals of family actors detract from firm financial results; others maintain that family prior knowledge and prior knowledge can improve the performance of family firms.
Abstract: The literature on family firms is divided. Some scholars argue that the parochial socioemotional wealth goals of family actors detract from firm financial results; others maintain that family prior...