미국의 “전국 수학 교사 협의회”(National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, NCTM)는 1989년부터 〈학교 수학의 교육과정과 평가 규준〉(1989), 〈수학 가르침(교수)의 전문성 규준〉(1991), 〈학교 수학의 평가(시험) 규준〉(NCTM, 1995), 〈학교 수학의 원리와 규준〉(2000)을 출판하여 미국의 수학 교육 의 전망(목표, 나아갈 길)과 규준(실행 지침)을 제시하였다. 수학 교사들로 구성된 미국의 NCTM은 학생, 학부모, 학교 행정가 등 많은 사람들과 힘을 합하여 모든 학생들에게 수준 높은 수학 교육을 받을 수 있는 여건(환경, 기회)을 조성하는 데 구심점의 역할을 하였다. 한편 많은 관련 단체들은 여러 배경과 능력을 가진 학생들이 전문성을 지닌 교사(특수 교사를 일컫는 밀이 아니다. 수학 교과를 이해하고 수학의 전문성과 특수성을 가르칠 수 있는 일반 교사를 일컫는 말이다.)로부터 미래를 대비해 평등하고, 진취적이며, 지원이 잘 이루어지고, 공학 도구(IT)가 잘 갖춰진 환경에서 중요한 수학적 아이디어를 이해하면서 학습할 수 있는 수학 교실(미국에서는 우리나라처럼 수학 교사가 수학 시간에 학생의 방(교실: Homeroom)에 찾아가지 않고 학생들이 선생의 방(수학 교실: Classroom)을 찾아온다. 전형적인 수학 교실의 사진은 2쪽에 나와 있다.)을 만들기 위해 함께 힘썼다. NCTM에서 출간한 여러 규준들은 우리나라의 제6차와 제7차 교육과정에도 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 이 글에서는 NCTM(2000)에서 제시한 학습 원리를 간단히 살펴본 다음 이를 중심으로 현재 미국 수학 교육의 교수ㆍ학습 이론의 동향을 살펴본다.

미국 NCTM의 Principles and Standards for School Mathematics에 나타난 수학과 교수,학습의 이론

The purpose of this study is to develop a multimedia learning based on iSpring Presenter to increase students' interest in learning in mathematics. This study uses the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the interactive mathematics multimedia learning based on iSpring Presenter has fulfilled the requirements to be considered feasible to be used in the learning process and is feasible to be used as learning support media to increase students' interest in learning through varied learning activities.

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Developing an Interactive Mathematics Multimedia Learning Based on Ispring Presenter in Increasing Students’ Interest in Learning Mathematics

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1592/1/012079/pdf

Hawgent dynamic mathematic software as mathematics learning media for teaching quadratic functions

Freudenthal's ideas on mathematics that stated mathematics as a human activity and mathematics must be connected to reality have colored towards learning mathematics all over the world, including Indonesia. Existing research on this topic in Indonesia among two decades is categorized and compared. This paper presents a systematic literature review of empirical studies on this learning approach in Indonesian context. The implementation of this approach in Indonesia was analyzed comprehensively and divided into several major topics. Resources of this research come from 110 articles by ten highest rank accredited journals by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, the Republic of Indonesia as an achievement for the peer-reviewed journal, which has excellent quality in management and publication. The results show that there are seven categories summarized in this research: the dominance of published RME articles, RME research subjects, mathematical topics, students' abilities, RME terms, and the research method used in RME articles. Lastly, the summarized 110 papers are displayed in the table to give essential information as a fundamental idea for further RME research.

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Two decades of realistic mathematics education research in indonesia: a survey

The present study is a part of design research in local instructional theory in a pre-algebraic lesson using the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach The article will focus on recommendations for the type of pre-algebra class that supports elementary school students’ algebraic thinking As design research study, it followed the three steps of preliminary studies, teaching experiment and retrospective analysis The subject of the study is 32 fifth grade students of MIN 2 Palembang during the teaching experiment phase  The data were gathered from students’ worksheets, lesson observation and interviews with the students Data analysis was done using a constant comparative qualitative method The results from the study indicate that pattern investigation in pre-algebra class that visualized geometrically supports the students to identify the form of the pattern and construct generalization

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Geometry representation to develop algebraic thinking: a recommendation for a pattern investigation in pre-algebra class

The students’ difficulty which was found is in the problem of understanding, drawing diagrams, reading the charts correctly, conceptual formal mathematical understanding, and mathematical problem solving. The appropriate problem representation is the basic way in order to understand the problem itself and make a plan to solve it. This research was the experimental classroom design with a pretestposttest control in order to increase the representation of visual thinking ability on mathematical problem solving approach with contextual learning. The research instrument was a test, observation and interviews. Contextual approach increases of mathematical representations ability increases in students with high initial category, medium, and low compared to conventional approaches.

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Improving of Junior High School Visual Thinking Representation Ability in Mathematical Problem Solving by CTL

The study aimed to analyze the interaction effect teaching models and cognitive style field dependent (FD)-field independent (FI) to students’ mathematical problem-solving ability (MPSA), as well as students' MPSA differences based on teaching models and cognitive styles. Participants in this study were 145 junior high school students, with details of 50 students learning through the Connect, Organize, Reflect, and Extend Realistic Mathematics Education (CORE RME) model, 49 students use the CORE model, and 46 students use the Conventional model. Data collection tools used are the MPSA test, and the group embedded figure test (GEFT). The MPSA test finds out that there are interaction effect teaching models and cognitive styles on students' MPSA, as well as a significant difference in MPSA students who study through the CORE RME model, CORE model, and Conventional model. Based on cognitive style, between students who study through CORE RME model, CORE model, and Conventional model found that there was no significant difference in MPSA between FI students. Furthermore, there were significant differences in MPSA between FD students and also MPSA of FI students better than MPSA FD students. Therefore, teaching models and student cognitive styles are very important to be considered in the learning process, so students are able to solve mathematical problems.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1252002.pdf

Students’ mathematical problem-solving ability based on teaching models intervention and cognitive style

The purpose of this study is to show the differences in problem-solving ability between first-year University students who received culture-based contextual learning and conventional learning. This research is a quantitative research using quasi-experimental research design. Samples were the First-year students of mathematics education department; Nusa Cendana University consists of 58 students who were divided into two groups each of 29 students. The results showed there are differences in the n-gain average of problem-solving ability significantly between students who receive culture-based contextual learning and conventional learning. The n-gain average of experiment group is 0.51 or medium category while the average n-gain of the control group is 0.29 or low category. Student categories of SNMPTN and Mandiri are significantly different whereas students’ category of SBMPTN between the two groups does not differ significantly. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.9.1.4125.81-94

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Culture-Based Contextual Learning to Increase Problem-Solving Ability of First Year University Student.

The purpose of this research is to develop contextual mathematical thinking learning model which is valid, practical and effective based on the theoretical reviews and its support to enhance higher-order thinking ability. This study is a research and development (R & D) with three main phases: investigation, development, and implementation. The experiment consisted of 78 Junior High School students who were divided into two groups, namely experimental group and control group. The model development phase results the syntax of contextual mathematical thinking learning model which are as follows: (1) presentation of the contextual problems; (2) asking the critical and analytical questions; (3) individual and group investigation; (4) presentation and discussion; (5) reflection; and (6) higher-order thinking test. The implementation phase concludes the contextual mathematical thinking learning model which can be applied effectively to enhance the students’ higher-order thinking ability. This model is able to intensify higher-order thinking ability at high category. The observation of learning activities was seen in the main elements of learning model which are syntax, social system, reaction principle, support system, instructional impact, and accompanist impact. The three main elements were observed by the observer and showed an average in the good category: syntax has an average of 3.5, social system has an average of 3.52, and reaction principle has an average of 3.47. This model is recommended for mathematics learning activities in the classroom to support the improvement of higher-order thinking ability. Contextual problems can be presented to the local cultural context that allows students to learn mathematics in a real context.

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Developing Contextual Mathematical Thinking Learning Model to Enhance Higher-Order Thinking Ability for Middle School Students

A number of previous researchers indicated that students' mathematics interest still low because most of them have perceived that mathematics is very difficult, boring, not very practical, and have many abstract theorems that were very hard to understand. Another cause is the teaching and learning process used, which is mechanistic without considering students' needs. Learning is more known as the process of transferring the knowledge to the students. Let students construct their own knowledge with the physical and mental reflection that is done by activity in the new knowledge. This article is literature study. The purpose of this article is to examine the Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract approach in theoretically to improve students' mathematics interest. The conclusion of this literature study is the Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract approach can be used as an alternative to improve students' mathematics interest.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012072/pdf

Darhim Darhim

Papers

Improving of Junior High School Visual Thinking Representation Ability in Mathematical Problem Solving by CTL

Students’ mathematical problem-solving ability based on teaching models intervention and cognitive style

Culture-Based Contextual Learning to Increase Problem-Solving Ability of First Year University Student.

Developing Contextual Mathematical Thinking Learning Model to Enhance Higher-Order Thinking Ability for Middle School Students

Enhancing Students' Interest through Mathematics Learning