THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

We need to make substantial changes to how we conduct research. First, in response to heightened concern that our published research literature is incomplete and untrustworthy, we need new requirements to ensure research integrity. These include prespecification of studies whenever possible, avoidance of selection and other inappropriate data- analytic practices, complete reporting, and encouragement of replication. Second, in response to renewed recognition of the severe flaws of null-hypothesis significance testing (NHST), we need to shift from reliance on NHST to estimation and other preferred techniques. The new statistics refers to recommended practices, including estimation based on effect sizes, confidence intervals, and meta-analysis. The techniques are not new, but adopting them widely would be new for many researchers, as well as highly beneficial. This article explains why the new statistics are important and offers guidance for their use. It describes an eight-step new-statistics strategy for research with integrity, which starts with formulation of research questions in estimation terms, has no place for NHST, and is aimed at building a cumulative quantitative discipline.

/pdf/the-new-statistics-why-and-how-3hdt8qe2jn.pdf

The New Statistics Why and How

This article proposes that binge eating is motivated by a desire to escape from self-awareness. Binge eaters suffer from high standards and expectations, especially an acute sensitivity to the difficult (perceived) demands of others. When they fall short of these standards, they develop an aversive pattern of high self-awareness, characterized by unflattering views of self and concern over how they are perceived by others. These aversive self-perceptions are accompanied by emotional distress, which often includes anxiety and depression. To escape from this unpleasant state, binge eaters attempt the cognitive response of narrowing attention to the immediate stimulus environment and avoiding broadly meaningful thought. This narrowing of attention disengages normal inhibitions against eating and fosters an uncritical acceptance of irrational beliefs and thoughts. The escape model is capable of integrating much of the available evidence about binge eating.

http://psych415.class.uic.edu/Readings/Heatherton,%20Binge%20&%20escape,%20PsyBull,%201991.pdf

Binge eating as escape from self-awareness.

Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle , Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle

Previous research has established conscientiousness as a predictor of longevity (H. S. Friedman et al., 1993; L. R. Martin & H. S. Friedman, 2000). To better understand this relationship, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of conscientiousness-related traits and the leading behavioral contributors to mortality in the United States (tobacco use, diet and activity patterns, excessive alcohol use, violence, risky sexual behavior, risky driving, suicide, and drug use). Data sources were located by combining conscientiousness-related terms and relevant health-related behavior terms in database searches as well as by retrieving dissertations and requesting unpublished data from electronic mailing lists. The resulting database contained 194 studies that were quantitatively synthesized. Results showed that conscientiousness-related traits were negatively related to all risky health-related behaviors and positively related to all beneficial health-related behaviors. This study demonstrates the importance of conscientiousness' contribution to the health process through its relationship to health-related behaviors.

/pdf/conscientiousness-and-health-related-behaviors-a-meta-1w4yirvo8j.pdf

Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: a meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality.

Utilisant le MMPI, le SCL-90, le BDI et une evaluation de l'image du corps, les auteurs ont trouve une psychopathologie significativement plus importante chez les boulimiques (N=15) par rapport a des sujets normaux (N=15), et a des sujets obeses (N=15): plus anxieux, depressifs, nevrotiques et impulsifs

Psychopathology of eating disorders: A controlled comparison of bulimic, obese, and normal subjects.

This investigation studied the presence of a memory bias for words connoting fatness in persons diagnosed with an eating disorder. Eating disorder subjects were compared to a nonsymptomatic control group and to a symptomatic (weight-preoccupied) control group. A memory bias for fatness words in eating disorder patients was found. There was no evidence for a memory bias in either group of control subjects, i.e., those who were preoccupied with body size and shape nor those without extreme preoccupation. The three groups did not differ in the recall of nonfat or neutral words. These results were interpreted as evidence in support of the hypothesis that activating self-schemata in eating disorder patients results in a recall bias for fat-related stimuli.

Memory bias for fatness stimuli in the eating disorders

Crude protein and rumen undegradable protein effects on reproduction and lactation performance of Holstein cows

This study evaluated body-image distortion and ideal body-size preferences in 423 nonbulimic women and 108 bulimics. Analyses of covariance were utilized to compare the bulimic and nonbulimic groups on measures of current and ideal body size. Weight was used as a covariate to evaluate the influence of actual body size on perception of current body size and selection of ideal body size. Bulimics chose current body sizes that were significantly larger than those picked by nonbulimics regardless of actual body size. Bulimics also chose thinner ideal body sizes than did nonbulimics, regardless of actual body size. These results suggest that body-image distortion and extreme preference for thinness are a fundamental characteristic of bulimia nervosa. These results were discussed in terms of how perception of a large body size and preference for a very thin body size might interact to produce a high degree of dissatisfaction and overconcern with body size in bulimia nervosa.

Body-image disturbances in bulimia nervosa: influences of actual body size.

Nitrogen fertilizer requirements of ultra-narrow row (UNR) cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) are not well established, and lint yield of UNR relative to conventional-row (CR) cotton has been variable. Objectives of this study were to compare UNR and CR N requirements based on lint yield, fiber quality, and plant architecture, and to compare the yield potential of UNR and CR cotton. The location was the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Farm, Burleson County, TX. Treatments were N fertilizer rates of 0, 50,101, and 151 kg ha -1 and row spacings of 19,38 (both UNR), and 76 cm (CR). By design, per-hectare plant populations were greatest in 19- and least in 76-cm row spacings. Plots were hand harvested. Reductions in row spacing decreased plant height, main stem nodes plant -1 , and subset (first position bolls at nodes 6-10) individual boll weight Greater N increased plant height, main stem nodes plant -1 , and both whole-plant and subset individual boD weight. Lint percentage was increased by reduction in row spacing and not affected by N. Treatment effects on fiber quality were limited. Lint yield did not differ among row spacings. Significant increases in lint yield occurred with each increase in N, suggesting that the optimal N rate was not surpassed. Nitrogen by row spacing interaction on lint yield was not significant, implying a similar response of each row spacing to N over the fertilizer rates tested. The N fertilizer requirements of UNR do not appear to be lower than those of CR cotton.

David C. Blouin

Papers

Psychopathology of eating disorders: A controlled comparison of bulimic, obese, and normal subjects.

Memory bias for fatness stimuli in the eating disorders

Crude protein and rumen undegradable protein effects on reproduction and lactation performance of Holstein cows

Body-image disturbances in bulimia nervosa: influences of actual body size.

Nitrogen Fertilization and Yield of Cotton in Ultra-Narrow and Conventional Row Spacings