David Hammond

TL;DR: The evidence indicates that the impact of health warnings depends upon their size and design: whereas obscure text-only warnings appear to have little impact, prominent health warnings on the face of packages serve as a prominent source of health information for smokers and non-smokers, can increase health knowledge and perceptions of risk and can promote smoking cessation.

TL;DR: Nutrition labels on pre-packaged foods are a cost-effective population-level intervention with unparalleled reach, however, governments will need to explore new formats and different types of information content to ensure that nutrition information is accessible and understandable.

TL;DR: For example, this article found that 46.6% were aware of ENDS (U.S., UK: 73%, UK: 54%, Canada: 40%, Australia: 20%) and 2.9% were current users (39% of triers).

TL;DR: The cumulative, population-based data generated over time by the PATH Study will contribute to the evidence base to inform FDA's regulatory mission under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act and efforts to reduce the Nation's burden of tobacco-related death and disease.

TL;DR: Smokers are not fully informed about the risks of smoking, and Warnings that are graphic, larger, and more comprehensive in content are more effective in communicating the health risks ofsmoking.