David L. Carter

TL;DR: Findings show that any form of contact with the police appeared to lower the rating of police performance, and this appears to be a product of the interaction between high public expectations and qualitatively poor police performance.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors report that the average educational level of police officers has risen steadily over the past two decades, and that only a small proportion of police departments formally require college for employment of promotion; the great majority of however, have educational support policies and an "informal" criterion of college for selection and promotion or officers.

TL;DR: This paper analyzed traffic stop data from a medium-sized midwestern community and found that race was powerful in shaping police decision-making patterns, but so were gender, age, and situational considerations.

TL;DR: Policing in the post-9/11 era is experiencing a philosophical change that is expanding community-and problem-oriented policing to include the broader philosophy of intelligence-led policing.

TL;DR: This paper conducted an exploratory study of Hispanics in Texas examining attitudes toward crime and the criminal justice system and found that Hispanics feel "less safe" concerning crime than does the general population, do not feel that the police can reduce the incidence of crime, feel they have inadequate police protection, evaluate the police generally lower than does general population and possess a strong punitive attitude toward corrections.