* The only book describing applications of nonlinear fiber optics * Two new chapters on the latest developments: highly nonlinear fibers and quantum applications* Coverage of biomedical applications* Problems provided at the end of each chapterThe development of new highly nonlinear fibers - referred to as microstructured fibers, holey fibers and photonic crystal fibers - is the next generation technology for all-optical signal processing and biomedical applications. This new edition has been thoroughly updated to incorporate these key technology developments.The book presents sound coverage of the fundamentals of lightwave technology, along with material on pulse compression techniques and rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers. The extensively revised chapters include information on fiber-optic communication systems and the ultrafast signal processing techniques that make use of nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers.New material focuses on the applications of highly nonlinear fibers in areas ranging from wavelength laser tuning and nonlinear spectroscopy to biomedical imaging and frequency metrology. Technologies such as quantum cryptography, quantum computing, and quantum communications are also covered in a new chapter.This book will be an ideal reference for: RD scientists involved with research on fiber amplifiers and lasers; graduate students and researchers working in the fields of optical communications and quantum information. * The only book on how to develop nonlinear fiber optic applications* Two new chapters on the latest developments; Highly Nonlinear Fibers and Quantum Applications* Coverage of biomedical applications

Applications of nonlinear fiber optics

The remarkable growth of wireless data traffic in recent times has driven the need to explore suitable regions in the radio spectrum to meet the projected requirements. In pursuance of this, millimeter wave communications have received considerable attention in the research fraternity. Due to the high path and penetration losses at millimeter wavelengths, antenna beamforming assumes a pivotal role in establishing and maintaining a robust communication link. Beamforming for millimeter wave communications poses a multitude of diverse challenges due to the large channel bandwidth, unique channel characteristics, and hardware constraints. In this paper, we track the evolution and advancements in antenna beamforming for millimeter wave communications in the context of the distinct requirements for indoor and outdoor communication scenarios. We expand the scope of discussion by including the developments in radio frequency system design and implementation for millimeter wave beamforming. We explore the suitability of millimeter wave beamforming methods, both, existing and proposed till midyear 2015, and identify the exciting new prospects unfolding in this domain.

Beamforming for Millimeter Wave Communications: An Inclusive Survey

The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band spanning from 30 to 300 GHz constitutes a substantial portion of the unused frequency spectrum, which is an important resource for future wireless communication systems in order to fulfill the escalating capacity demand. Given the improvements in integrated components and enhanced power efficiency at high frequencies, wireless systems can operate in the mmWave frequency band. In this paper, we present a survey of the mmWave propagation characteristics, channel modeling, and design guidelines, such as system and antenna design considerations for mmWave, including the link budget of the network, which are essential for mmWave communication systems. We commence by introducing the main channel propagation characteristics of mmWaves followed by channel modeling and design guidelines. Then, we report on the main measurement and modeling campaigns conducted in order to understand the mmWave band’s properties and present the associated channel models. We survey the different channel models focusing on the channel models available for the 28, 38, 60, and 73 GHz frequency bands. Finally, we present the mmWave channel model and its challenges in the context of mmWave communication systems design.

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Millimeter-Wave Communications: Physical Channel Models, Design Considerations, Antenna Constructions, and Link-Budget

The increasing wireless data traffic demands have driven the need to explore suitable spectrum regions for meeting the projected requirements. In the light of this, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication has received considerable attention from the research community. Typically, in fifth generation (5G) wireless networks, mmWave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications is realized by the hybrid transceivers which combine high dimensional analog phase shifters and power amplifiers with lower-dimensional digital signal processing units. This hybrid beamforming design reduces the cost and power consumption which is aligned with an energy-efficient design vision of 5G. In this paper, we track the progress in hybrid beamforming for massive MIMO communications in the context of system models of the hybrid transceivers’ structures, the digital and analog beamforming matrices with the possible antenna configuration scenarios and the hybrid beamforming in heterogeneous wireless networks. We extend the scope of the discussion by including resource management issues in hybrid beamforming. We explore the suitability of hybrid beamforming methods, both, existing and proposed till first quarter of 2017, and identify the exciting future challenges in this domain.

https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8585223/file/8585225.pdf

A Survey on Hybrid Beamforming Techniques in 5G: Architecture and System Model Perspectives

Several enabling technologies are being explored for the fifth-generation (5G) mobile system era. The aim is to evolve a cellular network that remarkably pushes forward the limits of legacy mobile systems across all dimensions of performance metrics. One dominant technology that consistently features in the list of the 5G enablers is the millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (massive MIMO) system. It shows potentials to significantly raise user throughput, enhance spectral and energy efficiencies and increase the capacity of mobile networks using the joint capabilities of the huge available bandwidth in the mmWave frequency bands and high multiplexing gains achievable with massive antenna arrays. In this survey, we present the preliminary outcomes of extensive research on mmWave massive MIMO (as research on this subject is still in the exploratory phase) and highlight emerging trends together with their respective benefits, challenges, and proposed solutions. The survey spans broad areas in the field of wireless communications, and the objective is to point out current trends, evolving research issues and future directions on mmWave massive MIMO as a technology that will open up new frontiers of services and applications for next-generation cellular networks.

Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Communication for Future Wireless Systems: A Survey

Medium and high voltage power cables are widely used in the electrical industry with substantial growth over the last 20-30 years ago, particular in the use of XLPE insulated systems. Ageing of the cable insulation is becoming an increasing problem that requires development of reliable methods for on-line condition assessment. For insulation condition assessment of MV and HV cables, partial discharge (PD) monitoring is one of the most effective techniques. However on-site and on-line PD measurements are affected by electromagnetic interference (EMI) that makes sensitive PD detection very difficult, if not impossible. This paper describes implementation of wavelet transform techniques to reject noise from on-line partial discharge measurements on cables. A new wavelet threshold determination method is proposed with the technique. With implementation of this novel de-noising method, PD measurement sensitivity has been greatly improved. In addition, a full AC cycle data recovery can be achieved instead of focusing only on recovering individual PD pulses. Other wavelet threshold de-noising methods are discussed and examined under a noisy environment to compare their performance with the new method proposed here. The method described here has been found to be superior to the other wavelet-based methods

A novel wavelet transform technique for on-line partial discharge measurements. 1. WT de-noising algorithm

The enormous growth of wireless data traffic in recent years has made the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) technology as a good fit for high-speed communication systems. Extensive works are continuing from the device to system, to the radio architecture, to the network to support the communication in mm-wave frequency ranges. To support this extensive high data rate, beam forming is found to be the key-enabling technology. Hence, an array antenna design is an extremely important issue. The beam-forming arrays are chosen to achieve the desired link capacity considering the high path loss and atmospheric loss at mm-wave frequencies and also to increase the coverage of the mm-wave communication system. There are diverse design challenges of the array due to the small size, use of large numbers of antennas in close vicinity, integration with radio-frequency (RF) front ends, hardware constraints, and so on. This paper focuses on the evolution and development of mm-wave array antenna and its implementation for wireless communication and numerous other related areas. The scope of the discussion is extended on the reported works in every sphere of mm-wave antenna array design, including the selection of antenna elements, array configurations, feed mechanism, integration with front-end circuitry to understand the effects on system performance, and the underlying reason of it. The new design aspects and research directions are unfolded as a result of this discussion.

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An Inclusive Survey on Array Antenna Design for Millimeter-Wave Communications

For pt.I see ibid., p.3-14, (2007). Insulation assessment of HV cables requires continuous partial discharge (PD) monitoring to identify the nature of insulation defects and to determine any degradation trends. However to recover PD signals with sufficient sensitivity to determine such insulation degradation in substations with high levels of electromagnetic interference is a major challenge. This paper is the second of two papers addressing this challenge for on-line PD measurements in a noisy environment. The first paper described a wavelet transform-based method of interference rejection. This paper applies that method to the problem of on-site testing, using both laboratory tests and on-site tests. The laboratory tests were used to stimulate the noisy on-site testing environment, with use of transient pulse-like noise, discrete spectral interference (DSI) and white noise. These noise types have been successfully rejected by the method proposed in the first paper. In addition, on-site tests have been undertaken and have been able to detect PD signals in an old 11 kV substation multi-cable installation

A novel wavelet transform technique for on-line partial discharge measurements. 2. On-site noise rejection application

Designing a reliable, resilient, and quickly deployable emergency communication network is a key challenge for post-disaster management. In this paper, a UAV-assisted emergency Wi-Fi network is proposed to expedite the rescue operations by guiding the survivors to the nearest rescue camp location. Here, the Raspberry PI (RPI) development board, mounted on UAV is considered to form a Wi-Fi chain network over the disaster region. During network set-up, the proposed solutions for the design challenges like UAV synchronization, avoid communication disruption and surveillance data management are the key contributions of this paper. The designed UAV network is capable of doing on-site surveillance and transmitting the data to the relief center for better rescue planning. One major challenge is to alert a survivor about the emergency network, which is addressed by designing a captive portal. Furthermore, to extend the Wi-Fi network, an Android-based application is developed by which each smartphone acts as a relay for its neighbor. Three types of field experiment are carried out to evaluate the performance of the designed prototype. It is found from the field results; the Wi-Fi access point mode and user datagram protocol are more suitable for network design as compared to Ad-Hoc mode and transmission control protocol, respectively. It is also observed from the experiment that the maximum hop distance for the prototype is 280 meters and 290 meters for a Wi-Fi configuration following IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.11ac protocol, respectively.

/pdf/design-and-deployment-of-uav-aided-post-disaster-emergency-41jdk1ei5j.pdf

Debarati Sen

Papers

Beamforming for Millimeter Wave Communications: An Inclusive Survey

A novel wavelet transform technique for on-line partial discharge measurements. 1. WT de-noising algorithm

An Inclusive Survey on Array Antenna Design for Millimeter-Wave Communications

A novel wavelet transform technique for on-line partial discharge measurements. 2. On-site noise rejection application

Design and Deployment of UAV-Aided Post-Disaster Emergency Network