Debra J. Searles

TL;DR: The Fluctuation Theorem (FT) as discussed by the authors gives an analytical expression for the probability of observing Second Law violating dynamicaluctuations in thermostatted dissipative non-equilibrium systems.

TL;DR: The fluctuation theorem is experimentally demonstrated by following the trajectory of a colloidal particle captured in an optical trap that is translated relative to surrounding water molecules to show entropy consumption can occur over colloidal length and time scales.

TL;DR: It is proved that the measure of those phases that generate second law violating phase space trajectories vanishes exponentially with time.

TL;DR: A locally distributed atomic Pt-Co nitrogen-carbon-based catalyst with high activity and robust durability for ORR (267 times higher than commercial Pt/C in mass activity) and a high selectivity for the 4e- pathway in ORR, differing from the reported 2 e- pathway characteristic of atomic Pt catalysts.

TL;DR: Fluctuation theorems as discussed by the authors describe the statistical fluctuations in time-averaged properties of many-particle systems such as fluids driven to nonequilibrium states, and provide some of the very few analytical expressions that describe none-ilibrium states Quantitative predictions on fluctuations in small systems that are monitored over short periods can also be made.