The cosmopolitan red algal genus Pyropia sensu lato is the most speciose of the bladed Bangiales genera. In a major revision of the Bangiales, Pyropia was resurrected from Porphyra, although there was evidence at the time that species of Pyropia could be separated into several genera. Subsequent global phylogenetic analyses continued to resolve species assigned to Pyropia into several major clades with strong support, and the latest biogeographic analyses indicated that species distribution was also a pointer to the underlying phylogeny of Pyropia sensu lato. Therefore, in the present study, we have redefined the genus Pyropia, resurrected Porphyrella, and proposed four new genera: Calidia, Neoporphyra, Neopyropia, and Uedaea. Based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the bladed Bangiales of China, a species which did not match any known taxa was resolved in the new genus Calidia. The species, Calidia pseudolobata sp. nov., is described based on both morphological and molecular data. Molecular sequence data for rbcL, 18S, and COI-5P were amplified for 15 samples in the present study. All the obtained rbcL sequences were identical to each other except for one (LYCN117) with one base pair difference. Two haplotypes of 18S (V9 region) were observed with one base pair difference (C/T30 ). All the obtained COI-5P sequences were identical. Morphological comparisons were conducted not only with species in Calidia, but also with generically uncertain species currently assigned to Porphyra.

Redefining Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): Four New Genera, Resurrection of Porphyrella and Description of Calidia pseudolobata sp. nov. From China

CMMG, JaB, RCS, PEL, IC, EJCC, VM, GW, VLM, FEM, JuB were supported by the United Kingdom Research and Innovation–Global Challenges Research Fund (UKRI‐ GCRF) ‘GlobalSeaweedSTAR' Programme (Grant No BB/P027806/1), which also supported RVD through the research fund GSS/RF/015 RVD would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) under the program, Establishment of Seaweed Research and Development Center (SeaRDeC) to Support the Seaweed Industry in BARMM, Project 2: Molecular characterization, selection and production of high quality eucheumatoid cultivars in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao We also thank the interdisciplinary discussions and comments from the GlobalSeaweedSTAR team, specifically Jee Suyo, Ivy Matoju, Azam Asri, Adibi M Nor and Louise Shaxson

Exploring, harnessing and conserving marine genetic resources towards a sustainable seaweed aquaculture

DNA barcoding is currently an effective and widely used tool that enables rapid and accurate identification of plant species. The Orchidaceae is the second largest family of flowering plants, with more than 700 genera and 20,000 species distributed nearly worldwide. The accurate identification of Orchids not only contributes to the safe utilization of these plants, but also it is essential to the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. In this study, the DNA barcoding of 4 chloroplast genes (matK, rbcL, ndhF and ycf1) were used to provide theoretical basis for species identification, germplasm conservation and innovative utilization of orchids. By comparing the nucleotide replacement saturation of the single or combined sequences among the 4 genes, we found that these sequences reached a saturation state and were suitable for phylogenetic relationship analysis. The phylogenetic analyses based on genetic distance indicated that ndhF and ycf1 sequences were competent to identification at genus and species level of orchids in a single gene. In the combined sequences, matK + ycf1 and ndhF + ycf1 were qualified for identification at the genera and species levels, suggesting the potential roles of ndhF, ycf1, matK + ycf1 and ndhF + ycf1 as candidate barcodes for orchids. Based on the SNP sites, candidate genes were used to obtain the specific barcode of orchid plant species and generated the corresponding DNA QR code ID card that could be immediately recognized by electronic devices. This study provides innovative research methods for efficient species identification of orchids. The standardized and accurate barcode information of Orchids is provided for researchers. It lays the foundation for the conservation, evaluation, innovative utilization and protection of Orchidaceae germplasm resources.

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The specific DNA barcodes based on chloroplast genes for species identification of Orchidaceae plants.

Extensive cryptic diversity in the widely distributed Polysiphonia scopulorum (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): Molecular species delimitation and morphometric analyses.

Red algal genus Pyropia that includes several commercially important species is distributed in wide regions of the world from cold temperate to tropical marine environments. Despite their practical utility, species of this genus are difficult to identify using solely morphological features because they lack reliable diagnostic characteristics. DNA barcoding using mitochondrial COI-5P marker is now well established for red algae. We explored the species diversity of the genus Pyropia in Korea based on the molecular analyses and morphological observations, and confirmed seven species including two new ones, Py. kuniedae, Py. retorta, Py. seriata, Py. tenera, Py. yezoensis, Pyropia submarina sp. nov., and Pyropia vittata sp. nov. In the DNA barcode analysis, Korean Pyropia species were clearly distinguished from other Pyropia species by 2.6 to 17.1% sequence divergences. We also uncovered cryptic species diversity in areas that are remote or not easily approachable such as Ulleung Island in the middle of east sea far from mainland or underwater habitat deeper than 10 m of Udo, Jeju. This study is verifying the probability of more biodiversity from pristine environments and providing the information that DNA barcoding is an efficient way to identify species of Pyropia, the bladed genus of the order Bangiales in Korea.

DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity of economic red algae, Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): description of novel species from Korea

A molecular phylogeny of the bladed Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in China provides insights into biodiversity and biogeography of the genus Pyropia

The invention relates to a green alga control method for a porphyra yezoensis raft frame facility. The green alga control method is characterized in that a liquid nitrogen spray device is adopted to carry out liquid nitrogen spray operation on a porphyra yezoensis raft frame until a seedling net is completely frozen; and then, the seedling net is brushed and grinded by use of a brush, so that adnascent green alga drops. The green alga control method has the advantages of being easy to operate, saving manpower and material resources, shortening an early-stage harvesting interval and the like, has a green alga removal rate higher than that of a drying method, and has a good application prospect.

Green alga control method for porphyra yezoensis raft frame facility

The invention provides a method for preventing and treating yellow leaf blotch of shell conchocelis of porphyra yezoensis and a culture apparatus The method comprises the following steps: step S1, regulating pH value of soaking liquid; step S2, soaking the shell conchocelis in the soaking liquid obtained in the step S1; and step S3, setting interval time, and repeating soaking operation in the step S2 The culture device comprises a culture box, wherein a culture unit is arranged on the top of the culture box; the culture unit is divided into three culture media along a box body in the transverse direction; and the compositions and the structures of the culture media are the same The method has the beneficial effects that the time of treatment on the shell conchocelis of the porphyra yezoensis can be shortened by acid treatment, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, costs can be reduced; and by the culture apparatus, the step of liquid drainage after culture can be simplified, meanwhile, culture time is monitored automatically, and the circumstance that the accuracy of a test result is affected due to deviation of time factor in a culture process is avoided

Method for preventing and treating yellow leaf blotch of shell conchocelis of porphyra yezoensis and culture apparatus

The invention relates to a filter apparatus and a count method for counting porphyra spores. The apparatus comprises a piston rod and a piston cylinder, wherein the piston rod enters the piston cylinder from one end of the piston cylinder and is arranged in the piston cylinder in a reciprocating manner, a water inlet hole is formed in the upper side wall of the piston cylinder, the water inlet hole is communicated with a sampling tube by virtue of an electromagnetic valve, and the sampling tube is internally and serially connected with a water pump; the middle portion of the piston cylinder is converged, a manual valve is arranged at a converged position, the piston cylinder forms a water storage cavity at the upper portion of the manual valve and forms a paper filter cavity at the lower portion of the manual valve; and a lower opening of the paper filter cavity, i.e. an opening of the piston cylinder is connected with a pressure block with a filter water outlet in the middle portion, the pressure block presses a piece of filter paper at the opening of the paper filter cavity, the filter paper is white, and pores of the filter paper are smaller than porphyra spores. Sample spore fluid with sufficient water is filtered by the filter paper, so that the spores are intercepted on the filter paper, the number of the spores on the filter paper is observed by a microscope, and then the spore concentration in an entire culture pond is then calculated.

Deng Yinyin

Papers

Redefining Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): Four New Genera, Resurrection of Porphyrella and Description of Calidia pseudolobata sp. nov. From China

A molecular phylogeny of the bladed Bangiales (Rhodophyta) in China provides insights into biodiversity and biogeography of the genus Pyropia

Green alga control method for porphyra yezoensis raft frame facility

Method for preventing and treating yellow leaf blotch of shell conchocelis of porphyra yezoensis and culture apparatus

Filter apparatus and count method for counting porphyra spores