Attachment--and loss.

http://www.rexano.org/Federal_Canada/EconomicCosts_invasives2004.pdf

Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States

/pdf/economic-and-environmental-threats-of-alien-plant-animal-and-3hccj4yjhj.pdf

Economic and environmental threats of alien plant, animal, and microbe invasions

Eradications of invasive species often have striking positive effects on native biota. However, recent research has shown that species removal in isolation can also result in unexpected changes to other ecosystem components. These secondary effects will become more likely as numbers of interacting invaders increase in ecosystems, and as exotics in late stages of invasion eliminate native species and replace their functional roles. Food web and functional role frameworks can be used to identify ecological conditions that forecast the potential for unwanted secondary impacts. Integration of eradication into a holistic process of assessment and restoration will help safeguard against accidental, adverse effects on native ecosystems.

Viewing invasive species removal in a whole-ecosystem context

1. Although the home range is a fundamental ecological concept, there is considerable debate over how it is best measured. There is a substantial literature concerning the precision and accuracy of all commonly used home range estimation methods; however, there has been considerably less work concerning how estimates vary with sampling regime, and how this affects statistical inferences. 2. We propose a new procedure, based on a variance components analysis using generalized mixed effects models to examine how estimates vary with sampling regime. 3. To demonstrate the method we analyse data from one study of 32 individually marked roe deer and another study of 21 individually marked kestrels. We subsampled these data to simulate increasingly less intense sampling regimes, and compared the performance of two kernel density estimation (KDE) methods, of the minimum convex polygon (MCP) and of the bivariate ellipse methods. 4. Variation between individuals and study areas contributed most to the total variance in home range size. Contrary to recent concerns over reliability, both KDE methods were remarkably efficient, robust and unbiased: 10 fixes per month, if collected over a standardized number of days, were sufficient for accurate estimates of home range size. However, the commonly used 95% isopleth should be avoided; we recommend using isopleths between 90 and 50%. 5. Using the same number of fixes does not guarantee unbiased home range estimates: statistical inferences differ with the number of days sampled, even if using KDE methods. 6. The MCP method was highly inefficient and results were subject to considerable and unpredictable biases. The bivariate ellipse was not the most reliable method at low sample sizes. 7. We conclude that effort should be directed at marking more individuals monitored over long periods at the expense of the sampling rate per individual. Statistical results are reliable only if the whole sampling regime is standardized. We derive practical guidelines for field studies and data analysis.

https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01164.x

Effects of sampling regime on the mean and variance of home range size estimates

List of contributors Part I. Introduction: 1. Why the cat? Dennis C. Turner and Patrick Bateson Part II. From Kitten to Adulthood: 2. Behavioural development in the cat Patrick Bateson 3. Normal and problematic reproductive behaviour in the domestic cat Benjamin L. Hart and Lynette A. Hart 4. Communication in the domestic cat: within and between species Sarah L. Brown and John W. S. Bradshaw Part III. Social Life and Ecology: 5. Social organization and behavioural ecology of free-ranging domestic cats Dennis C. Turner 6. Social behaviour of domestic cats in the human home Penny L. Bernstein and Erika Friedmann Part IV. Cats and People: 7. Domestication and history of the cat James A. Serpell 8. Cultural differences in human-cat relations Dennis C. Turner, Eva Waiblinger and Barbara Fehlbaum 9. Human and cat personalities: building the bond from both sides Kurt Kotrschal, Jon Day, Sandra McCune and Manuela Wedl Part V. Cat Breeding and Cat Welfare: 10. Feline welfare issues Irene Rochlitz 11. Breed and gender behaviour differences: relation to the ancient history and origin of the domestic cat Benjamin L. Hart, Lynette A. Hart and Leslie A. Lyons 12. Showing cats Anne Gregory, Steve Crow and Hilary Dean 13. Individual and environmental effects on health and welfare J. L. Stella and C. A. T. Buffington 14. Feline behavioural problems and solutions Benjamin L. Hart and Lynette A. Hart Part VI. The Future: 15. Cat population management Elly Hiby, Harry Eckman and Ian MacFarlaine 16. Postscript: questions and some answers Patrick Bateson and Dennis C. Turner References Index.

The domestic cat : the biology of its behaviour

Introduction - Cindy C Wilson PART ONE: HISTORICAL AND VALUE PERSPECTIVE Effects of Pet Contact on Human Well-Being - Thomas Garrity and Lorann Stallones Perspectives on Animal-Assisted Activities and Therapy - Linda Hines and Maureen Fredrickson Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Riding - Jane Copeland-Fitzpatrick and Jean Tebay An International Review PART TWO: BEYOND HEALTH: EXTENDING THE DEFINITION OF HEALTH TO QUALITY OF LIFE A Conceptual Framework for Human-Animal Interaction Research - Cindy C Wilson The Challenge Revisited Models for Measuring Quality of Life - Ivan Barofsky and Andrew Rowan Implications for Human-Animal Interaction Research PART THREE: QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES: PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN ANIMAL INTERACTIONS Introduction - Cindy C Wilson A Theoretical Basis for Health Benefits of Pet Ownership - Glyn Collis and June McNicholas Attachment versus Psychological Support Loneliness, Stress and Human-Animal Attachment among Older Adults - Carolyn P Keil The Relationship between Attachment to Companion Animals and Self-Esteem - Sandra Lookabaugh Triebenbacher A Development Perspective Blind People and their Dogs - Melanie Steffens and Reinhold Bergler An Empirical Study on Changes in Everyday Life, in Self-Experience and in Communication PART FOUR: QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES: THE RELEVANCE OF ANIMALS TO CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH Introduction - Cindy C Wilson Animals and Cardiovascular Health - Warwick Anderson and Anthony Dart Could Type A (Coronary Prone) Personality Explain the Association between Pet Ownership and Health? - June McNicholas and Glyn Collis Pet Ownership, Social Support and One Year Survival after Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression - Erika Friedmann The Effect of a Therapy Dog on Socialization and Physiological Indicators of Stress in Person's Diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease - Kathryn Batson et al PART FIVE: HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: AGE SPECIFIC QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES Introduction - Cindy C Wilson The Role of Companions Animals in Human Development - Gail Melson Impact of Pet Ownership on the Well-Being of Adolescents with Few Familial Resources - Nancy M Bodmer PART SIX: ANIMAL ASSISTED THERAPY PROGRAMS: DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS WHICH IMPACT QUALITY OF LIFE Introduction - Cindy C Wilson The Importance of Training Standards and Policy for Service Animals - Susan Duncan Companion Animal Welfare in Private and Institutional Settings - Robert Hubrecht and Dennis C Turner

Companion Animals in Human Health

The regulation of stress by an attachment figure is a key feature of attachment relationships. Previous research suggests that in some cases animal companionship may be regarded as an attachment re ...

The Effect of a Real Dog, Toy Dog and Friendly Person on Insecurely Attached Children During a Stressful Task: An Exploratory Study

Up to 90% of children with special education needs and about 40% of children in the general population show insecure or disorganized attachment patterns, which are linked to a diminished ability to use social support by others for the regulation of stress. The aim of the study was to investigate if children with insecure-avoidant/disorganized attachment can profit more from social support by a dog compared to a friendly human during a stressful task. We investigated 47 male children (age 7-11) with insecure-avoidant or disorganized attachment. Social stress was elicited via the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C). For one group of children a friendly therapy-dog (N=24) was present, for one control group a friendly human (N=10) and for the other control group a toy dog (N=13). Stress levels were measured via salivary cortisol before, during, and after the TSST-C and subjective reports. The physiological stress response was significantly lower in the dog condition in comparison to the two other support conditions. Cortisol levels correlated negatively with the amount of physical contact between child and dog. We conclude that male children with insecure-avoidant or disorganized attachment profit more from the presence of a therapy-dog than of a friendly human under social stress. Our findings support the assumption that the increasing practice of animal-assisted education is reasonable and that dogs can be helpful assistants in education/special education, since stress interferes with learning and performance in students.

/pdf/effects-of-social-support-by-a-dog-on-stress-modulation-in-1ok9igsdon.pdf

Dennis C. Turner

Papers

The domestic cat : the biology of its behaviour

Companion Animals in Human Health

The Effect of a Real Dog, Toy Dog and Friendly Person on Insecurely Attached Children During a Stressful Task: An Exploratory Study

Effects of social support by a dog on stress modulation in male children with insecure attachment

The human-cat relationship