The emerging field of plasmonics has yielded methods for guiding and localizing light at the nanoscale, well below the scale of the wavelength of light in free space. Now plasmonics researchers are turning their attention to photovoltaics, where design approaches based on plasmonics can be used to improve absorption in photovoltaic devices, permitting a considerable reduction in the physical thickness of solar photovoltaic absorber layers, and yielding new options for solar-cell design. In this review, we survey recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics and offer an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles.

Plasmonics for improved photovoltaic devices

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2019/NP/C8NP00092A

Marine natural products.

1. Introduction 2. Theoretical foundations 3. Propagation and focusing of optical fields 4. Spatial resolution and position accuracy 5. Nanoscale optical microscopy 6. Near-field optical probes 7. Probe-sample distance control 8. Light emission and optical interaction in nanoscale environments 9. Quantum emitters 10. Dipole emission near planar interfaces 11. Photonic crystals and resonators 12. Surface plasmons 13. Forces in confined fields 14. Fluctuation-induced phenomena 15. Theoretical methods in nano-optics Appendices Index.

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Principles of nano-optics

5.1. Detection Formats 475 5.2. Food Quality and Safety Analysis 477 5.2.1. Pathogens 477 5.2.2. Toxins 479 5.2.3. Veterinary Drugs 479 5.2.4. Vitamins 480 5.2.5. Hormones 480 5.2.6. Diagnostic Antibodies 480 5.2.7. Allergens 481 5.2.8. Proteins 481 5.2.9. Chemical Contaminants 481 5.3. Medical Diagnostics 481 5.3.1. Cancer Markers 481 5.3.2. Antibodies against Viral Pathogens 482 5.3.3. Drugs and Drug-Induced Antibodies 483 5.3.4. Hormones 483 5.3.5. Allergy Markers 483 5.3.6. Heart Attack Markers 484 5.3.7. Other Molecular Biomarkers 484 5.4. Environmental Monitoring 484 5.4.1. Pesticides 484 5.4.2. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 485 5.4.3. Aromatic Hydrocarbons 485 5.4.4. Heavy Metals 485 5.4.5. Phenols 485 5.4.6. Polychlorinated Biphenyls 487 5.4.7. Dioxins 487 5.5. Summary 488 6. Conclusions 489 7. Abbreviations 489 8. Acknowledgment 489 9. References 489

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Detection of Chemical and Biological Species

Recent developments in isocyanide based multicomponent reactions in applied chemistry

The preparation of urea by Wöhler constituted a landmark achievement in organic chemistry, and it laid the ground for the early days of target-oriented organic synthesis.1 Since then, significant progress has been achieved in this discipline; many powerful single bond forming reactions and asymmetric variants have been developed. These discoveries have paved the way for the stereoselective assembly of complex organic molecules, a task deemed inconceivable by early practitioners. A great many strategies were invented by chemists in order to facilitate the synthesis of complex natural products.2 One avenue in emulating nature’s efficiency would * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dennis.hall@ ualberta.ca. † Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research. ‡ Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta. Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 4439–4486 4439

Natural product synthesis using multicomponent reaction strategies.

Preface. List of Authors. List of Abbreviations. 1 Structure, Properties, and Preparation Of Boronic Acid Derivatives. Overview of Their Reactions and Applications (D. G. Hall). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Structure and Properties of Boronic Acid Derivatives. 1.3 Synthesis of Boronic Acids and their Esters. 1.4 Isolation and Characterization. 1.5 Overview of the Reactions of Boronic Acid Derivatives. 1.6 Overview of other Applications of Boronic Acid Derivatives. 1.7 References. 2 Metal-catalyzed Borylation of Alkanes and Arenes via C-H Activation for Synthesis of Boronic Esters (T. Ishiyama and N. Miyaura). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Borylation of Aromatic Halides and Trif lates. 2.3 Aliphatic C-H Borylation. 2.4 Aromatic C-H Borylation. 2.5 Benzylic C-H Borylation. 2.6 References. 3 Coupling Reactions of Areneboronic Acids or Esters with Aromatic Electrophiles (A. Suzuki). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Coupling Reactions of Areneboronic Acid Derivatives. 3.3 Conclusion. 3.4 References. 4 Rhodium-catalyzed Additions of Boronic Acids to Alkenes and Carbonyl Compounds (K. Yoshida and T. Hayashi). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Addition of Organoboronic Acids to a,a-Unsaturated Ketones. 4.3 Mechanism. 4.4 Addition of Organoboronic Acids to Other Alkenes. 4.5 Addition of Organoboronic Acids to Alkynes. 4.6 Addition of Organoboronic Acids to Aldehydes and Imines. 4.7 Addition of Organoboronic Acids to Anhydrides. 4.8 Outlook. 4.9 References. 5 Recent Advances in Copper-promoted C-Heteroatom Bond Cross-coupling Reactions with Boronic Acids and Derivatives (D. M. T. Chan and P. Y. S. Lam). 5.1 General Introduction. 5.2 Copper-mediated Boronic Acid C-O and C-N Cross-coupling - Historical Background. 5.3 C(aryl)-O Cross-coupling. 5.4 C-N Cross-coupling. 5.5 C-O vs. C-N Cross-couplings. 5.6 C-N and C-O Cross-coupling with Alkenylboronic Acids. 5.7 C-S Cross-coupling. 5.8 C-N and C-O Cross-coupling with Boronic Acid Derivatives. 5.9 Mechanistic Considerations. 5.10 Other Organometalloids. 5.11 Conclusion. 5.12 Appendix. 5.13 References. 6 Recent Advances in the Preparation of Allylboronates and Their Use in Tandem Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds (J. W. J. Kennedy and D. G. Hall). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Preparation of Allylboronates. 6.3 Reactions of Allylboronates. 6.4 Applications of Allylboronates in Tandem Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds. 6.5 Conclusion. 6.6 References. 7 Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Aryl and Alkenylboronic Acids and Their Derivatives to Imines and Iminium Ions (R. A. Batey). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Petasis Borono-Mannich Reaction: Iminium Ions Lacking Neighboring Heteroatom Functionality. 7.3 Practicality, Scope and Reaction Mechanism. 7.4 Petasis Borono-Mannich Reaction: Iminium Ions Possessing Neighboring Heteroatom Functionality. 7.5 Polymer-supported Petasis Borono-Mannich Reactions. 7.6 Other Types of Addition Reactions. 7.7 Concluding Remarks. 7.8 References. 8 (a-Haloalkyl)boronic Esters in Asymmetric Synthesis (D. S. Matteson). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 General Description of (a-Haloalkyl)boronic Ester Chemistry. 8.3 Boronic Ester Intermediates in Synthesis. 8.4 Other Aspects of (a-Chloroalkyl)boronic Ester Chemistry. 8.5 Conclusion. 8.6 References. 9 Cycloadditions and Other Additions to Alkenyl-, Alkynyl- and Dienyl Boronic Esters (B. Carboni and F. Carreaux). 9.1 Ionic Addition. 9.2 Radical Additions. 9.3 Cycloaddition Reactions. 9.4 Metathesis Reactions. 9.5 Miscellaneous Reactions. 9.6 Conclusions. 9.7 References. 10 Organoboronic Acids and Organoborinic Acids as Bronsted-Lewis Acid Catalysts in Organic Synthesis (K. Ishihara). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Diarylborinic Acids. 10.3 Arylboronic Acids. 10.4 Chiral Boronate Lewis Acids. 10.5 Conclusions. 10.6 References. 11 Oxazaborolidines as Asymmetric Inducers for the Reduction of Ketones and Ketimines (B. T. Cho). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Oxazaborolidines. 11.3 Oxazaborolidine-catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones. 11.4 Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketimines. 11.5 Summary and Conclusions. 11.6 References. 12 Boronic Acid-based Receptors and Sensors for Saccharides (T. D. James). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Fluorescence. 12.3 Colorimetric Sensors. 12.4 Electrochemical Sensors. 12.5 Assay Systems. 12.6 Polymer and Surface Bound Sensors. 12.7 Conclusions. 12.8 References. 13 Biological and Medicinal Applications of Boronic Acids (W. Yang, X. Gao, and B. Wang). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Boronic Acid Compounds as Enzyme Inhibitors. 13.3 Boronic Acid Compounds as Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Agents. 13.4 Boronic Acid Compounds as Drug (Insulin) Delivery Devices and for In Vivo Glucose Imaging. 13.5 Cell Surface Carbohydrate Recognition by Artificial Lectins - Boronolectins. 13.6 Conclusions. 13.7 References.

Boronic acids : preparation and applications in organic synthesis and medicine

Introduction: Properties, Preparation, Overview of Application Metal-Catalyzed Borylation of C-X and C-H Bonds for the Synthesis of Boronic Esters Transition-Metal Catalyzed Sila- and Diborylation of Alkenes, Allenes, and Alkynes The Contemporary Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction Rhodium and Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of Organoboronic Acids Recent Advances in Chan-Lam Coupling Reaction: Copper-Promoted C-Heteroatom Bond Cross-Coupling Reactions with Boronic Acids and Derivatives Transition-Metal Catalyzed Desulfitative Coupling of Thioorganic Compounds with Boronic Acids Catalytic Additions of Allylic Boronates to Carbonyl and Imine Derivatives Recent Advances in Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Organoboronic Acids and their Derivatives to Unsaturated C?N Functionalities Asymmetric Homologation of Boronic Esters with Lithiated Carbamates Organotrifluoroborates: Organoboron Reagents for the 21st Century Boronic Acids as Catalysts Applications of boronic acids in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry Boronic Acids in Materials Chemistry

Boronic acids : preparation and applications in organic synthesis, medicine and materials

We report the effect of metal-island size variation in nanoparticle-enhanced photodetectors. Nanoparticle size was controlled by varying the deposition and annealing conditions used to produce the metal-island films. Increasing the size of silver-island particles fabricated onto 165 nm thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photodetectors resulted in a dramatic increase in the observed photocurrent. A nearly factor-of-20 photocurrent enhancement was observed for light of wavelength 800 nm, a significant improvement over previously reported results. The improvement is linked to two physical effects: the increased scattering efficiency of the larger nanoparticles and a qualitative change in the resonance characteristics of the metal-island film due to radiative coupling to the SOI waveguide modes.

Island size effects in nanoparticle-enhanced photodetectors

This study describes a new class of carbohydrate-binding boronic acids. ortho-Hydroxymethyl phenylboronic acid (boronophthalide) was shown to be superior to the well-established dialkylamino (“Wulff-type”) analogues, and it is more soluble in aqueous solvents. The most significant finding in this work is the surprising ability of ortho-hydroxyalkyl arylboronic acids to complex model glycopyranosides under physiologically relevant conditions. These boronic acid units appear to complex hexopyranosides mainly using their 4,6-diol. This behavior is significant because a majority of cell-surface glycoconjugates present free 4,6-diols. Thus, conjugatable forms of these boronic acids could be used in the design of oligomeric receptors and sensors to exploit multivalency effects. Such receptors could dramatically expand the potential of boronic acids toward the selective recognition of cell-surface glycoconjugates.

Dennis G. Hall

Papers

Natural product synthesis using multicomponent reaction strategies.

Boronic acids : preparation and applications in organic synthesis and medicine

Boronic acids : preparation and applications in organic synthesis, medicine and materials

Island size effects in nanoparticle-enhanced photodetectors

An Improved Class of Sugar-Binding Boronic Acids, Soluble and Capable of Complexing Glycosides in Neutral Water