Due to fast climate change and foreseen damage through global warming, access to clean and green energy has become very much essential for the sustainable development of the society, globally. Biomass based energy is one of the important renewable energy resources to meet the day to day energy requirements and is as old as the human civilization. Biomass gasification is among few important aspects of bioenergy for producing heat, power and biofuels for useful applications. Despite, the availability of vast literature, technological and material advancements, the dissemination of gasification technology could not overcome the critical barriers for the widespread acceptability over the conventional energy resources. This article presents a comprehensive review on the technical advancements, developments of biomass gasification technology and the barriers being faced by different stakeholders in the wide dissemination of the technology for day to day requirements of the society, followed by recommendations for policy makers to make this technology popular while serving the society.

Recent advances in the development of biomass gasification technology: A comprehensive review

Energy production from steam gasification processes and parameters that contemplate in biomass gasifier - A review.

Energy and exergy analyses of syngas produced from rice husk gasification in an entrained flow reactor

Abstract Torrefaction of biomass under anoxic condition can produce an energy dense and consistent quality solid biomass fuel for combustion and co-firing applications. This paper investigates the fuel characteristics of food waste at torrefaction temperatures ranging from 150 to 600 °C, for torrefaction residence time varying from 0 to 50 min in a horizontal tubular reactor. The torrefied products were characterized in terms of their elemental composition, energy yield, ash content and volatile fraction. The gaseous products from torrefaction of food waste were also analyzed. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out in order to obtain the kinetic parameters for the torrefaction reaction of food waste. It was found that the food waste undergoes changes in their physical and chemical properties during torrefaction. The energy and mass yield were also found to decrease with an increase in the torrefaction temperature, whereas the higher heating value increased.

A study on torrefaction of food waste

https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/2629792/Irfan%20Fuel-Paper-AAM-Accepted%203%20Sept%202019.pdf

Assessment of biomass energy potential for SRC willow woodchips in a pilot scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier

Air gasification of rice husk in bubbling fluidized bed reactor with bed heating by conventional charcoal.

Low temperature steam gasification to produce hydrogen rich gas from kitchen food waste: Influence of steam flow rate and temperature

In this work, the steam gasification of mixed food waste was carried out with torrefaction as pretreatment. Torrefaction was carried out at various temperatures; 230 °C, 260 °C, and 290 °C and for one-hour residence time. Improvement in physico-chemical properties of food waste by torrefaction was studied using proximate, elemental, and compositional analysis. Additionally, the effect of torrefaction on mass yield, energy yield, mass density and energy density was presented. Gasification was then carried out using torrefied food waste as biomass with steam as a gasification agent at 700 °C. The steam flow rate was kept at 0.625 mL/min with a steam to biomass ratio of 1.25. The resulting syngas was characterized for syngas yield, syngas composition, H2 yield, and high heating value (HHV). It was found that syngas yield and H2 field varied from 0.95 to 3.49 m3/Kg and 0.6 to 2.15 m3/Kg respectively from gasification of food waste torrefied at different temperatures. The highest HHV of syngas was found to be 12.19 MJ/Nm3. Cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion efficiency were also determined to evaluate the performance of proposed pretreatment on steam gasification.

Steam gasification with torrefaction as pretreatment to enhance syngas production from mixed food waste

This study evaluated the change in physical and chemical properties of sun-dried food waste, during torrefaction in a fixed bed reactor. Torrefaction was carried out at different temperatures 230 °C, 260 °C, and 290 °C, for different residence times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min in a fixed bed reactor. The solid torrefied products were analyzed by elemental analysis, proximate analysis, compositional analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and it was found that most suitable residence time for torrefaction was 60 min as torrefaction beyond 60 min did not yield much improvement in changing the properties of kitchen food waste. Carbon content increased from 46.0 to 58.5%, consecutively increasing higher heating value (HHV) from 16.1 to 21.9%. Compositional analysis demonstrated that there was not much hemicellulose left in the raw food waste after cooking; however, it had cellulose in significant proportion which went through decomposition during torrefaction. Lignin was not affected much. Various process parameters such as mass yield, energy yield, and energy density were also studied, and it was found the mass and energy yield decreased by 65.0% and 47.5%, respectively, and energy density increased by 35%. Van Krevelen indicated clearly that torrefied char had achieved coal characteristics.

Evaluation of the physico-chemical development of kitchen food wastes through torrefaction - a biodiversity case study

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ceat.202000526

Dharminder Singh

Papers

Air gasification of rice husk in bubbling fluidized bed reactor with bed heating by conventional charcoal.

Low temperature steam gasification to produce hydrogen rich gas from kitchen food waste: Influence of steam flow rate and temperature

Steam gasification with torrefaction as pretreatment to enhance syngas production from mixed food waste

Evaluation of the physico-chemical development of kitchen food wastes through torrefaction - a biodiversity case study

Biochemical and thermochemical routes of H2 production from food waste: A comparative review