Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

140 years ago Adolf von Baeyer proposed the structure of a heteroaromatic compound which revolutionized organic and medical chemistry: indole. After more than a century, indole itself and the complexity of naturally occurring indole derivatives continue to inspire and influence developments in synthetic chemistry. In particular, the ubiquitous presence of indole rings in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials are testament to the ever increasing interest in the design of mild and efficient synthetic routes to functionalized indole derivatives. This Review emphasizes the achievements in the selective catalytic functionalization of indoles (C-C bond-forming processes) over the last four years.

Catalytic Functionalization of Indoles in a New Dimension

Late transition metal-catalyzed hydroamination and hydroamidation.

Because of the interesting and multifunctional properties, recently, ZnO nanostructures are considered as excellent material for fabrication of highly sensitive and selective gas sensors. Thus, ZnO nanomaterials are widely used to fabricate efficient gas sensors for the detection of various hazardous and toxic gases. The presented review article is focusing on the recent developments of NO2 gas sensors based on ZnO nanomaterials. The review presents the general introduction of some metal oxide nanomaterials for gas sensing application and finally focusing on the structure of ZnO and its gas sensing mechanisms. Basic gas sensing characteristics such as gas response, response time, recovery time, selectivity, detection limit, stability and recyclability, etc are also discussed in this article. Further, the utilization of various ZnO nanomaterials such as nanorods, nanowires, nano-micro flowers, quantum dots, thin films and nanosheets, etc for the fabrication of NO2 gas sensors are also presented. Moreover, various factors such as NO2 concentrations, annealing temperature, ZnO morphologies and particle sizes, relative humidity, operating temperatures which are affecting the NO2 gas sensing properties are discussed in this review. Finally, the review article is concluded and future directions are presented.

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Zinc Oxide Nanostructures for NO2 Gas–Sensor Applications: A Review

Traditional organic synthesis relies heavily on organic solvents for a multitude of tasks, including dissolving the components and facilitating chemical reactions, because many reagents and reactive species are incompatible or immiscible with water. Given that they are used in vast quantities as compared to reactants, solvents have been the focus of environmental concerns. Along with reducing the environmental impact of organic synthesis, the use of water as a reaction medium also benefits chemical processes by simplifying operations, allowing mild reaction conditions, and sometimes delivering unforeseen reactivities and selectivities. After the “watershed” in organic synthesis revealed the importance of water, the development of water-compatible catalysts has flourished, triggering a quantum leap in water-centered organic synthesis. Given that organic compounds are typically practically insoluble in water, simple extractive workup can readily separate a water-soluble homogeneous catalyst as an aqueous so...

Catalytic Organic Reactions in Water toward Sustainable Society

Efficient Iron-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Aryl Halides with Amines

https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/GC/b9/b916124b/B916124B.pdf

Microwave-assisted synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives by efficient and rapid iron-catalyzed cyclization in water

Ligand-free iron/copper cocatalyzed N-arylations of aryl halides with amines under microwave irradiation

Cell-Permeable Iminocoumarine-Based Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria

Mitochondria-targeting theranostic probes that enable the simultaneously reporting of and triggering of mitochondrial dysfunctions in cancer cells are highly attractive for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Three fluorescent mitochondria-targeting theranostic probes have been developed by linking a mitochondrial dye, coumarin-3-carboximide, with a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, artemisinin, to kill cancer cells. Fluorescence images showed that the designed coumarin-artemisinin conjugates localized mainly in mitochondria, leading to enhanced anticancer activities over artemisinin. High cytotoxicity against cancer cells correlated with the strong ability to accumulate in mitochondria, which could efficiently increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and induce cell apoptosis. This study highlights the potential of using mitochondria-targeting fluorophores to selectively trigger and directly visualize subcellular drug delivery in living cells.

Diliang Guo

Papers

Efficient Iron-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Aryl Halides with Amines

Microwave-assisted synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives by efficient and rapid iron-catalyzed cyclization in water

Ligand-free iron/copper cocatalyzed N-arylations of aryl halides with amines under microwave irradiation

Cell-Permeable Iminocoumarine-Based Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria

Fluorescent Coumarin–Artemisinin Conjugates as Mitochondria-Targeting Theranostic Probes for Enhanced Anticancer Activities