THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)〔和文〕 (特集 ゲノム医学の現在と未来--基礎と臨床) -- (データベース)

Glucose oxidase--an overview.

This review concerns the applications of some polysaccharides in the domain of biomaterials and bioactive polymers. Natural polysaccharides from different sources have been studied for a long time, and their main properties are summarized in this paper; some of their derivatives obtained by chemical modification are also described. The main polysaccharides currently used in the biomedical and pharmaceutical domains are chitin and its derivative chitosan, hyaluronan and alginates. Alginates are well known for their property of forming a physical gel in the presence of divalent counterions (Ca, Ba, Sr) whereas carrageenans form a thermoreversible gel; these seaweed polysaccharides are mainly used to encapsulate different materials (cells, bacteria, fungi). Other promising systems are the electrostatic complexes formed when an anionic polysaccharide is mixed with a cationic polysaccharide (e.g. alginate/chitosan or hyaluronan/chitosan). An important development of the applications of polysaccharides can be predicted for the next few years in relation to their intrinsic properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability in the human body for some of them; they are also renewable and have interesting physical properties (film-forming, gelling and thickening properties). In addition, they are easily processed in different forms such as beads, films, capsules and fibres. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

Main properties and current applications of some polysaccharides as biomaterials

Despite the increasing number of publications dealing with solid-state (substrate) fermentation (SSF) it is very difficult to draw general conclusion from the data presented This is due to the lack of proper standardisation that would allow objective comparison with other processes Research work has so far focused on the general applicability of SSF for the production of enzymes, metabolites and spores, in that many different solid substrates (agricultural waste) have been combined with many different fungi and the productivity of each fermentation reported On a gram bench-scale SSF appears to be superior to submerged fermentation technology (SmF) in several aspects However, SSF up-scaling, necessary for use on an industrial scale, raises severe engineering problems due to the build-up of temperature, pH, O2, substrate and moisture gradients Hence, most published reviews also focus on progress towards industrial engineering The role of the physiological and genetic properties of the microorganisms used during growth on solid substrates compared with aqueous solutions has so far been all but neglected, despite the fact that it may be the microbiology that makes SSF advantageous against the SmF biotechnology This review will focus on research work allowing comparison of the specific biological particulars of enzyme, metabolite and/or spore production in SSF and in SmF In these respects, SSF appears to possess several biotechnological advantages, though at present on a laboratory scale only, such as higher fermentation productivity, higher end-concentration of products, higher product stability, lower catabolic repression, cultivation of microorganisms specialized for water-insoluble substrates or mixed cultivation of various fungi, and last but not least, lower demand on sterility due to the low water activity used in SSF

Biotechnological advantages of laboratory-scale solid-state fermentation with fungi.

This paper proposes a kinetic model for growth, in low alcohol media, of Acetobacter aceti in submerged culture. The model combines the influence of substrate (ethanol) concentration, product (acetic acid) concentration and dissolved oxygen on the specific microorganism growth rate. Experimental data were obtained, both in the laboratory and industrially, using a variety of discontinuous fermentation apparatus with automatic control, and either open or closed gas recirculation systems. The operation conditions applied were those typical of acetic fermentation processes in the food industry. Examination of the results obtained makes it possible to determine the characteristic influence of each of the variables indicated, and to calculate the values of the different parameters of the proposed growth equation.

A kinetic model for growth of Acetobacter aceti in submerged culture

Kinetic equation for growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in submerged culture over aqueous ferrous sulphate solutions

BACKGROUND
A high H2S elimination capacity has been achieved by anoxic biotrickling filters but accurate control of the nitrate dosage is required. Different control strategies have been used in biotrickling filters but proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control studies have not been reported to date. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the stability and robustness of PID control in an anoxic biotrickling filter.

RESULTS
Three PID tuning methods were tested: Ziegler–Nichols, Approximate M-constrained integral gain optimization (AMIGO), and maintained oscillation. The best results were obtained using PID control by the maintained oscillation method, where the system reached stabilization 0.41 h after the H2S inlet step. Moreover, the nitrate consumption was 15.4% lower than that without control.

CONCLUSION
The biotrickling filter operated with a PID control strategy proved to be highly stable and robust against the perturbations and disturbances evaluated. The control system was able to operate satisfactorily to a change in the set-point of the outlet H2S concentrations from 25 to 200 ppmV. The desulfurized biogas could be fed directly to an internal combustion engine or solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) equipped with a zeolite clean unit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

PID control system for biogas desulfurization under anoxic conditions

Feedforward control application in aerobic and anoxic biotrickling filters for H2S removal from biogas

The culture media for glycerol to ethanol biotransformation by Escherichia coli under anaerobic conditions was optimized. A Plackett-Burman screening design was used to determine which factors were significant with a 95% confidence interval. A full factorial 2 2 and response surface model were employed to determine the optimum conditions for the selected response variable. The response variable considered in this work was biomass productivity (Q X ). Profiles for biomass growth, glycerol consumption and ethanol production were obtained at optimum conditions and fermentation parameters were calculated. Glycerol to ethanol yield and ethanol specific productivity were determined to be 845 g kg −1 of glycerol and 212 g kg −1  h −1 of cell mass respectively. Optimized culture media is presented along with the main results and experimental profiles obtained from this work.

Domingo Cantero

Papers

A kinetic model for growth of Acetobacter aceti in submerged culture

Kinetic equation for growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in submerged culture over aqueous ferrous sulphate solutions

PID control system for biogas desulfurization under anoxic conditions

Feedforward control application in aerobic and anoxic biotrickling filters for H2S removal from biogas

Optimization of culture media for ethanol production from glycerol by Escherichia coli