Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Social Network Analysis

Social Psychology of Organizations

人教版高中英语新课程教材中,语言运用（Using Language）是每个单元必不可少的部分,提供了围绕单元中心话题的听、说、读、写的综合性练习,是单元中心话题的延续和升华.如何设计Using Language部分的教学,使自己的教学模式既不落俗套,又能真正体现新课程标准所倡导的教学理念,正是广大一线英语教师一直努力探索的问题.

打磨Using Language,倡导新理念

which is used to describe a third component of thinking processes, particularly preverbal, and it denotes the concept that the world is activated by some generalized "energy" that links together causally all objects and events ; it is presumably revealed by a person's lack of curiosity about causal connections, as though they were self-evident. Aside from the rather frequent use of such key words, having strong connotations for this reviewer far away from what the author is aiming to denote, the book is written in a lucid and stimulating style that makes reading it an invigorating intellectual exercise. It is a book that is likely to have somewhat limited attraction to the full-time clinician, especially one treating adult patients. And child psychiatrists and psychologists, if reasonably well read, will most likely be familiar with the majority of references from which this author has synthesized his material. On the other hand, the scholarly and refreshing con¬ ceptual approaches of the author will appeal to psychologists, philosophers, linguists, and psychiatrists with a research bent and anyone else who wants to be provoked to do some thinking on the problems of language, language development, and the psychology of cognition. Louis A. GOTTSCHALK, M.D. Plans and the Structure of Behavior. By George A Miller, Eugene gALANTER, and Karl H. Pribram. Price, $5.00. Pp. 226. Henry Holt & Co., Inc., New York 17, 1960. This is an important book for psychiatrists and behavioral scientists, since it presents a clear, concise study of the application of cybernetics, information and computer theory to the problem of analyzing behavior. The authors have been actively engaged in behavioral research in different areas\p=m-\Millerin information and communication, Galanter in experimental psychology, and Pribram in neurophysiology. The book resulted from a series of discussions which they engaged in during a year they spent together at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, Calif. Their original intent was to write a diary, as it were, of the development of their ideas and, fortunately, enough of this remains to make the book clear, easy to read, and interesting. It is also fortunate, however, that in the final writing a variety of studies comparing the "behavior" of computing machines with human "cognitive behavior" have been reviewed and summarized. The result is one of the best presentations of the present status of the brain-computer problem. The authors, however, do not discuss certain aspects of this problem, such as the difference between the brain and its vast number of parallel channels, but few operations, and the modern high-speed computer with its few channels and vast numbers of operations. This omission is consistent with their interest, since it would introduce the question of mechanisms rather than the problem of the structure of behavior as it is observed in everyday life in the clinic and in experiments on learning, conditioning, etc. Similarly, they do not discuss the qualitative differences between mechanisms of memory in the computer and those in the brain. In the former, a "memory"\p=m-\ i.e., stored information\p=m-\isidentified, metaphorically speaking, by an address, whereas no such mechanism is known in the brain (personal communication, Dr. Julian Bigelow). With few exceptions, however, the data, concepts, and theories presented are handled with elegant precision, as illustrated by the discussion of Sherrington's concepts of the "Reflex" and the "Synapse," Kurt Lewin's ideas of "tension states," and the numerous references to the work of Newell, Shaw, and Simon on computers and logic. There are, nevertheless, areas with

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fjors.1968.86.pdf

Plans and the Structure of Behavior

As a result of increasing organizational interdependence and integration of systems in commercial airline operation, it is argued that the manner in which human factors issues are addressed in the aviation regulations is becoming increasingly incompatible with human and organizational behavior in an airline. Error and workload are two of the more pervasive aspects of human factors in the airworthiness regulations and are both products of complex interactions among equipment design, procedures, training, and the environment. However, these aspects of human factors cannot be regulated on a localized basis, and a more systemic, holistic approach to the regulation of error and workload is required. It is suggested that a safety case–based approach may be better used as an adjunct to existing regulations for human factors issues.

Rule Fragmentation in the Airworthiness Regulations

There were many aeronautical decision-making (ADM) mnemonic-based methods exist. However, there is no empirical research that suggests that they are actually effective in improving decision-making. In this study a short, ADM training course was constructed around two mnemonic methods, SHOR and DESIDE. Forty-one pilots from Republic of China Tactical Training Wing participated: half received a short ADM training course and half did not. Their decision-making skill was evaluated during a series of emergency situations presented in a full-flight simulator on the dimensions of situation assessment, risk management and response time. Significant improvements were noted in the quality of pilots' situation assessment and risk management, however this was usually at the expense of speed of response. The results do strongly suggest, though, that ADM is trainable and is demonstrably effective in improving decision-making.

SHOR and DESIDE: Evaluating the effectiveness of ADM training using a flight simulator

Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics: 12th international conference, EPCE 2015 held as part of HCI international 2015 Los Angeles, CA, USA, august 2-7, 2015 proceedings

INTRODUCTION: It is a popular notion in gliding that newly soloed pilots have a low accident rate The intention of this study was to review the support for such a hypothesis from literature and to explore it using UK accident totals and measures of flying exposure METHOD: Log sheets from UK gliding clubs were used to estimate flying exposure for inexperienced glider pilots This was used along with accident data and annual flight statistics for the period 2004-2006 in order to estimate accident rates that could be compared between the pilot groups RESULTS: The UK accident rate for glider pilots from 2004-2006 was 1 accident in every 3534 launches and 1590 flying hours The lowest estimated rate for pilots with up to 1 h of experience was 1 accident every 976 launches and 149 h flown For pilots with up to 10 h of experience the figures were 1 accident in 1274 launches and 503 h DISCUSSION: From 2004-2006 UK glider pilots with 10 h or less experience in command had twice the number of accidents per launch and three times as many accidents per hour flown than average for UK glider pilots Pilots with only 1 h of experience or less were involved in at least 10 times the number of accidents per hour flown than the UK average and had more than 35 times the number of accidents per launch Language: en

Don Harris

Papers

Rule Fragmentation in the Airworthiness Regulations

SHOR and DESIDE: Evaluating the effectiveness of ADM training using a flight simulator

Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics: 12th international conference, EPCE 2015 held as part of HCI international 2015 Los Angeles, CA, USA, august 2-7, 2015 proceedings

Accident rates for novice glider pilots vs. pilots with experience.

Distributed Situation Awareness in Command and Control