다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Metal Organic Frameworks in Biomedicine Patricia Horcajada,* Ruxandra Gref, Tarek Baati, Phoebe K. Allan, Guillaume Maurin, Patrick Couvreur, G erard F erey, Russell E. Morris, and Christian Serre* Institut Lavoisier, UMR CNRS 8180, Universit e de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles Cedex, France Facult e de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, Universit e Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Universit e Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier cedex 05, France EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews Purdie Building, St Andrews, KY16 9ST U.K.

Metal-organic frameworks in biomedicine.

This Perspective explores and explains the fundamental dogma of nanoparticle delivery to tumours and answers two central questions: ‘how many nanoparticles accumulate in a tumour?’ and ‘how does this number affect the clinical translation of nanomedicines?’

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Analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumours

Core/Shell Nanoparticles: Classes, Properties, Synthesis Mechanisms, Characterization, and Applications

In the past decade, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted more and more attention for their potential biomedical applications. With their tailored mesoporous structure and high surface area, MSNs as drug delivery systems (DDSs) show significant advantages over traditional drug nanocarriers. In this review, we overview the recent progress in the synthesis of MSNs for drug delivery applications. First, we provide an overview of synthesis strategies for fabricating ordered MSNs and hollow/rattle-type MSNs. Then, the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility and biotranslocation of MSNs are discussed in relation to their chemophysical properties including particle size, surface properties, shape, and structure. The review also highlights the significant achievements in drug delivery using mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their multifunctional counterparts as drug carriers. In particular, the biological barriers for nano-based targeted cancer therapy and MSN-based targeting strategies are discussed. We conclude with our personal perspectives on the directions in which future work in this field might be focused.

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery

The effect of the shape of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on cellular uptake and cell function

In our previous study we reported that the interaction of nanoparticles with cells can be influenced by particle shape, but until now the effect of particle shape on in vivo behavior remained poorly understood. In the present study, we control the fabrication of fluorescent mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) by varying the concentration of reaction reagents especially to design a series of shapes. Two different shaped fluorescent MSNs (aspect ratios, 1.5, 5) were specially designed, and the effects of particle shape on biodistribution, clearance and biocompatibility in vivo were investigated. Organ distributions show that intravenously administrated MSNs are mainly present in the liver, spleen and lung (>80%) and there is obvious particle shape effects on in vivo behaviors. Short-rod MSNs are easily trapped in the liver, while long-rod MSNs distribute in the spleen. MSNs with both aspect ratios have a higher content in the lung after PEG modification. We also found MSNs are mainly excreted by urine an...

The shape effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility in vivo.

Plasmonic nanomaterials, especially those that can convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat, have been developed as photothermal agents for localized hyperthermia cancer therapy. After Halas s research group first applied a coating of gold nanoshells on solid silica spheres for tumor ablation, a series of NIR-light-absorbing plasmonic nanomaterials have been fabricated to kill tumorigenic cells without damaging normal cells, such as gold nanorods (GNRs), gold nanocages, AuxAg1 x dendrites, [4] gold nanoshells on polystyrene spheres, assembled gold nanoparticles, and many multifunctional nanocomposites. Based on the attractive photothermal property of these plasmonic nanomaterials to optimize cancer therapy and achieve enhanced antitumor efficacy, the combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic agents is an encouraging approach, which can result in synergistic effects that are greater than the two treatments alone. GNRs were reported as producing heat to augment the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. But by simply mixing GNRs and chemotherapeutic agents, the synergistic effects of thermo-chemotherapy are difficult to realize in vivo because co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents together with precious GNRinduced hyperthermia sources to the target tissues is still challenging. Importantly, even though different multifunctional systems based on NIR-absorbing nanomaterials have been designed, many parameters of these systems were only assessed in vitro in cellular systems, while no in vivo study of the thermo-chemotherapy effect of plasmonic nanomaterials based on gold nanoshells has been carried out. In vivo experiments on an applicable medicine system should be tested with emphasis on the antitumor effect and toxicity evaluation as they move closer to the clinical setting. In the work reported herein, we first explored the ablation of hepatocellular carcinomas both in vivo and in vitro by the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy using a multifunctional gold nanoshell. Unlike the gold nanoshell employed in the study of Halas and co-workers, the gold nanoshell we use consists of a thin gold nanoshell and a monodispersed mesoporous silica nanorattle (SN) core. SNs, synthesized by our new reported method, endow gold nanoshells with many advantages through their unique structure with movable cores and mesoporous shells. They were considered as an intelligent drug-delivery system because of their high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability, large specific surface volume, controllable mesoporous pores, and good biocompatibility. Their positively charged surface simplifies the gold nanoshell coating process by not requiring a modification step with silane coupling agents (e.g., 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) as in other reports. Based on these advantages, gold nanoshells on silica nanorattles (GSNs) have compact gold shells, controlled uniform size, tunable optical property as NIR-light-absorbing agents, and high-payload sustained drug release as a drugdelivery system. In vitro and in vivo studies prove that the synergistic effects of GSNs for the efficacious treatment of hepatocellular carcinomas are better than the chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone. Systematic toxicity study indicates the good biocompatibility of this kind of multifunctional gold nanoshell. Additionally, organic dye molecules can be conjugated on the gold nanoshell for imaging, thus rendering the obtained GSNs an all-in-one processing system for photothermal therapy, drug delivery, and cell imaging with low systemic toxicity. Figure 1a shows the structure of SNs synthesized by our previous method. A drug-loaded structure comprising a PEGylated (PEG = polyethylene glycol) gold nanoshell on silica nanorattle spheres (termed pGSNs) is shown in Figure 1b. The products obtained after each synthetic step are shown in Figure 1c–f. SNs have a narrow size distribution with a hydrodynamic diameter of 120 nm (see Figure 1c, and Figure S1 and Table S1 in the Supporting Information) and a positively charged surface at about 36.5 eV (Figure S2 in the Supporting Information). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proves the existence of free amino groups on the SNs surface (Figure 1g). By simply stirring for 2 hours, gold seed [*] Dr. H. Liu, Dr. L. Li, Dr. T. Liu, L. Tan, X. Wu, Prof. F. Tang Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 (P. R. China) Fax: (+ 86)108-254-3521 E-mail: tangfq@mail.ipc.ac.cn Homepage: http://nanocontrol.ipc.ac.cn

Multifunctional Gold Nanoshells on Silica Nanorattles: A Platform for the Combination of Photothermal Therapy and Chemotherapy with Low Systemic Toxicity

Mesoporous silica nanomaterial is one of the most promising candidates as drug carrier for cancer therapy. Herein, in vitro and in vivo study of silica nanorattle (SN) with mesoporous and rattle-type structure as a drug delivery system was first reported. Hydrophobic antitumor drug docetaxel (Dtxl) was loaded into the PEGylated silica nanorattle (SN-PEG) with a diameter of 125 nm via electrostatic absorption. In human liver cancer cell Hep-G2, the half-maximum inhibiting concentration (IC50) of silica nanorattle encapsulated docetaxel (SN-PEG-Dtxl) was only 7% of that of free Dtxl at 72 h. In vivo toxicity assessment showed that both nanocarrier of silica nanorattle (40 mg/kg, single dose) and SN-PEG-Dtxl (20 mg/kg of Dtxl, three doses) had low systematic toxicity in healthy ICR mice. The SN-PEG-Dtxl (20 mg/kg, intravenously) showed greater antitumor activity with about 15% enhanced tumor inhibition rate compared with Taxotere on the marine hepatocarcinoma 22 subcutaneous model. The results prove that the...

Dong Chen

Papers

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery

The effect of the shape of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on cellular uptake and cell function

The shape effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on biodistribution, clearance, and biocompatibility in vivo.

Multifunctional Gold Nanoshells on Silica Nanorattles: A Platform for the Combination of Photothermal Therapy and Chemotherapy with Low Systemic Toxicity

In vivo delivery of silica nanorattle encapsulated docetaxel for liver cancer therapy with low toxicity and high efficacy.