Chem. Pharm. Bull.(オピニオン)

Traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen: A review.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV), a member of the Herpesviridae family, is a significant human pathogen that results in mucocutaneous lesions in the oral cavity or genital infections. Acyclovir (ACV) and related nucleoside analogues can successfully treat HSV infections, but the emergence of drug resistance to ACV has created a barrier for the treatment of HSV infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. There is an urgent need to explore new and effective tactics to circumvent drug resistance to HSV. This review summarises the current strategies in the development of new targets (the DNA helicase/primase (H/P) complex), new types of molecules (nature products) and new antiviral mechanisms (lethal mutagenesis of Janus-type nucleosides) to fight the drug resistance of HSV.

/pdf/new-strategies-against-drug-resistance-to-herpes-simplex-2dzucipkqd.pdf

New strategies against drug resistance to herpes simplex virus

Terpenoids, the most abundant compounds in natural products, are a set of important secondary metabolites in plants with diverse structures. Terpenoids play key roles in plant growth and developmen...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1934578X20903555

Advances in Pharmacological Activities of Terpenoids

Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses and medicinal potentials with respect to molecular mechanisms.

In this study, 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (1246TGG), a polyphenolic compound isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Phyllanthus emblica L. (Euphorbiaceae), was found to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infection at different magnitudes of activity in vitro. Further studies revealed that 1246TGG directly inactivated HSV-1 particles, leading to the failure of early infection, including viral attachment and penetration. 1246TGG also suppressed the intracellular growth of HSV-1 within a long period post-infection (from 0 h p.i. to 12 h p.i.), while it might exert an antiviral effect mainly before 3 h p.i. It inhibited HSV-1 E and L gene expressions as well as viral DNA replication but did not affect the RNA synthesis of IE gene in our study. Also, in the presence of 1246TGG, the synthesis of viral protein was reduced. Taken together, it was suggested that 1246TGG might exert anti-HSV activity both by inactivating extracellular viral particles and by inhibiting viral biosynthesis in host cells. These results warrant further studies on the antiviral mechanisms of 1246TGG and suggest that it might be a candidate for HSV therapy. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

In vitro anti-herpes simplex virus activity of 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from Phyllanthus emblica L. (Euphorbiaceae).

Anti-inflammatory compounds of “Qin-Jiao”, the roots of Gentiana dahurica (Gentianaceae)

Six new minor dammarane triterpenoids were isolated from the roots of Gentiana rigescens. These include one aglycone, gentirigenic acid (1), and five glycosides, gentirigeosides A-E (2-6). Their structures were elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Antifungal testing of these compounds showed that the glycosides gentirigeosides A (2), C (4), and E (6) had antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Glomerella cingulata.

Dammarane triterpenoids from the roots of Gentiana rigescens.

Gentiana rhodantha FRANCH. ex HEMSL. (Gentianaceae), an annual herb widely distributed in the southwest of China, has been medicinally used for the treatment of inflammation, cholecystitis, and tuberculosis by the local people of its growing areas. Chemical investigation on the whole plants led to the identification of eight new phenolic compounds, rhodanthenones A-D (1-4, resp.), apigenin 7-Oglucopyranosyl-(1 -> 3)-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 3)-glucopyranoside (5), 1,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzene 1-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), 1,2-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxybenzene 1-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), and methyl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoate (8), together with eleven known compounds, 9-19. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and cytotoxicity tests against five human cancer cell lines showed that only rhodanthenone D (4) and mangiferin (12) exhibited 18.4 and 13.4% of AChE inhibitory effects at a concentration of 10(-4) M, respectively, while compounds 1-5 and the known xanthones lancerin (11), mangiferin (12), and neomangiferin (13) displayed no cytotoxicity at a concentration of 40 mu M.

Dong Wang

Papers

In vitro anti-herpes simplex virus activity of 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose from Phyllanthus emblica L. (Euphorbiaceae).

Anti-inflammatory compounds of “Qin-Jiao”, the roots of Gentiana dahurica (Gentianaceae)

Dammarane triterpenoids from the roots of Gentiana rigescens.

Phenolic Compounds from the Whole Plants of Gentiana rhodantha (Gentianaceae)

Notoginsenoside ST-4 inhibits virus penetration of herpes simplex virus in vitro.