E Siqueiros

Abstract: In electrical or thermal appliances, heat (thermal energy) must either be added into or removed from a system to maintain operational stability. Heat pipes can enhance the heat transfer capabilities without needing a significant temperature gradient between heat sources and heat sinks. The effectiveness of heat pipes is due to the latent heat of phase change of the working fluid within (i) condensation and (ii) evaporation stages. The latent heat of phase change greatly exceeds the sensible heat capacity. Heat pipes may rely on gravity, wicks, centrifugal force or in some cases even a magnetic field to help return condensate flow from the condenser to the evaporator. Wicks in heat pipes are classified into three groups: sintered, groove and mesh types. This review attempts to cover various types of heat pipes such as thermal diodes, variable conductance, pulsating, etc. The application of nanotechnology in heat pipes can be separated into two groups: nanoparticles and nanobubbles, with the latter receiving considerably less attention than the former. The hybridisation of heat pipe technology is also possible and has been discussed along with its future research potential.

TL;DR: In this paper, waste generation, management, and energy auditing of a micro-brewery located in the north east of England is investigated, where Fermented grains and hops are disposed as organic wastes after the production process.

TL;DR: In this paper, a medium scale spirit plant situated in China was audited and energy and mass balances were performed in order to find the sources of thermal energy, the potential cost effective reduction, recovery and assess potential uses to lower the fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emission.

TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of organic fraction of municipal solid waste for combined electric power and cooling generation in the City of Port-Harcourt, Nigeria was examined and the results from this study has shown that the energy from OFMSW in the city has the capacity to increase power generation to about 88% (466 MW) of the peak load demand which represent an increment of 41% in the current capacity of electrical power generation; and the project is economically feasible as the power generated can be sold at N22 per kWh with a payback period of 4.29 years.