다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

1. Introduction 20642. Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 20662.1. Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation 20662.2. Reactions in Constrained Environments 20682.3. Hydrothermal and High-TemperatureReactions20692.4. Sol-Gel Reactions 20702.5. Polyol Methods 20712.6. Flow Injection Syntheses 20712.7. Electrochemical Methods 20712.8. Aerosol/Vapor Methods 20712.9. Sonolysis 20723. Stabilization of Magnetic Particles 20723.1. Monomeric Stabilizers 20723.1.1. Carboxylates 20733.1.2. Phosphates 20733.2. Inorganic Materials 20733.2.1. Silica 20733.2.2. Gold 20743.3. Polymer Stabilizers 20743.3.1. Dextran 20743.3.2. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 20753.3.3. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 20753.3.4. Alginate 20753.3.5. Chitosan 20753.3.6. Other Polymers 20753.4. Other Strategies for Stabilization 20764. Methods of Vectorization of the Particles 20765. Structural and Physicochemical Characterization 20785.1. Size, Polydispersity, Shape, and SurfaceCharacterization20795.2. Structure of Ferro- or FerrimagneticNanoparticles20805.2.1. Ferro- and Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticles 20805.3. Use of Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents forMRI20825.3.1. High Anisotropy Model 20845.3.2. Small Crystal and Low Anisotropy EnergyLimit20855.3.3. Practical Interests of Magnetic NuclearRelaxation for the Characterization ofSuperparamagnetic Colloid20855.3.4. Relaxation of Agglomerated Systems 20856. Applications 20866.1. MRI: Cellular Labeling, Molecular Imaging(Inﬂammation, Apoptose, etc.)20866.2.

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications

Over the past few decades, researchers have established artificial enzymes as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to natural enzymes in a wide range of applications. A variety of materials including cyclodextrins, metal complexes, porphyrins, polymers, dendrimers and biomolecules have been extensively explored to mimic the structures and functions of naturally occurring enzymes. Recently, some nanomaterials have been found to exhibit unexpected enzyme-like activities, and great advances have been made in this area due to the tremendous progress in nano-research and the unique characteristics of nanomaterials. To highlight the progress in the field of nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes (nanozymes), this review discusses various nanomaterials that have been explored to mimic different kinds of enzymes. We cover their kinetics, mechanisms and applications in numerous fields, from biosensing and immunoassays, to stem cell growth and pollutant removal. We also summarize several approaches to tune the activities of nanozymes. Finally, we make comparisons between nanozymes and other catalytic materials (other artificial enzymes, natural enzymes, organic catalysts and nanomaterial-based catalysts) and address the current challenges and future directions (302 references).

Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes

The generation of energy by clean, efficient and environmental-friendly means is now one of the major challenges for engineers and scientists Fuel cells convert chemical energy of a fuel gas directly into electrical work, and are efficient and environmentally clean, since no combustion is required Moreover, fuel cells have the potential for development to a sufficient size for applications for commercial electricity generation This paper outlines the acute global population growth and the growing need and use of energy and its consequent environmental impacts The existing or emerging fuel cells’ technologies are comprehensively discussed in this paper In particular, attention is given to the design and operation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), noting the restrictions based on materials’ requirements and fuel specifications Moreover, advantages of SOFCs with respect to the other fuel cell technologies are identified This paper also reviews the limitations and the benefits of SOFCs in relationship with energy, environment and sustainable development Few potential applications, as long-term potential actions for sustainable development, and the future of such devices are discussed

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs): a review of an environmentally clean and efficient source of energy

Nanotechnology promises a revolution in pharmacology to improve or create ex novo therapies Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria), well-known as catalysts, possess an astonishing pharmacological potential due to their antioxidant properties, deriving from a fraction of Ce3+ ions present in CeO2 These defects, compensated by oxygen vacancies, are enriched at the surface and therefore in nanosized particles Reactions involving redox cycles between the Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states allow nanoceria to react catalytically with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, mimicking the behavior of two key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, potentially abating all noxious intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a self-regenerating mechanism Hence nanoceria, apparently well tolerated by the organism, might fight chronic inflammation and the pathologies associated with oxidative stress, which include cancer and neurodegeneration Here we review the biological effects of nanoceria as they emerge from in vitro and in vivo studies, considering biocompatibility and the peculiar antioxidant mechanisms

Pharmacological potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles

The possible applications of humidity sensors in automated systems for environmental control encompass many industrial and domestic fields. Very different operating temperatures and a variety of humidity ranges are needed for these purposes. The different humidity-sensing mechanisms and operating principles identified for ceramics are reviewed. Ceramic humidity sensors are divided into ionic, electronic, solid-electrolyte and rectifying-junction types. Examples of the performance of some ceramic sensors are presented. The correlation between the microstructure of ceramic materials and their humidity-sensitive electrical response is discussed. The improvement of the performance of ionic-type humidity sensors by the addition of alkali ions is explained in terms of influence on the microstructure and on the intrinsic impedance. The recent trend towards the miniaturization and integration of sensors on a single chip requires the production of ceramic films. Ceramic thin films prepared by sol-gel or sputtering processes are investigated. The results obtained on the humidity sensitivity of pn semiconducting oxide heterocontacts are also reported.

Ceramic sensors for humidity detection: the state-of-the-art and future developments

A spinnable coating capable of releasing metal species to a broth of living organisms in a controlled manner is an extremely interesting material for a number of biotechnological applications. Poly...

Copper Nanoparticle/Polymer Composites with Antifungal and Bacteriostatic Properties

The increasing world population and the need to improve quality of life for a large percentage of human beings are the driving forces for the search for sustainable energy production systems, alternative to fossil fuel combustion. Among the various types of alternative energy production technologies, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) operating at intermediate temperatures (400–700 °C) show the advantage of possible use both for stationary and mobile energy production. To reach the goal of reducing the SOFC operating temperature, proton-conducting oxides are gaining wide interest as electrolyte materials. This critical review provides a broad overview of the most recent progresses obtained tailoring the properties of proton-conducting oxides for fuel cell applications, analyzing and comparing the different strategies proposed to match high-proton conductivity with good chemical stability (170 references).

Enrico Traversa

Papers

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs): a review of an environmentally clean and efficient source of energy

Pharmacological potential of cerium oxide nanoparticles

Ceramic sensors for humidity detection: the state-of-the-art and future developments

Copper Nanoparticle/Polymer Composites with Antifungal and Bacteriostatic Properties

Materials challenges toward proton-conducting oxide fuel cells: a critical review