1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

The emergence of publications on extracellular RNA (exRNA) and extracellular vesicles (EV) has highlighted the potential of these molecules and vehicles as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets. These findings have created a paradigm shift, most prominently in the field of oncology, prompting expanded interest in the field and dedication of funds for EV research. At the same time, understanding of EV subtypes, biogenesis, cargo and mechanisms of shuttling remains incomplete. The techniques that can be harnessed to address the many gaps in our current knowledge were the subject of a special workshop of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) in New York City in October 2012. As part of the “ISEV Research Seminar: Analysis and Function of RNA in Extracellular Vesicles (evRNA)”, 6 round-table discussions were held to provide an evidence-based framework for isolation and analysis of EV, purification and analysis of associated RNA molecules, and molecular engineering of EV for therapeutic intervention. This article arises from the discussion of EV isolation and analysis at that meeting. The conclusions of the round table are supplemented with a review of published materials and our experience. Controversies and outstanding questions are identified that may inform future research and funding priorities. While we emphasize the need for standardization of specimen handling, appropriate normative controls, and isolation and analysis techniques to facilitate comparison of results, we also recognize that continual development and evaluation of techniques will be necessary as new knowledge is amassed. On many points, consensus has not yet been achieved and must be built through the reporting of well-controlled experiments. Keywords: extracellular vesicle; exosome; microvesicle; standardization; isolation (Published: 27 May 2013) Citation: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles 2013, 2 : 20360 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jev.v2i0.20360

/pdf/standardization-of-sample-collection-isolation-and-analysis-4om42nmomj.pdf

Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research

To determine whether the onset of myocardial infarction occurs randomly throughout the day, we analyzed the time of onset of pain in 2999 patients admitted with myocardial infarction. A marked circadian rhythm in the frequency of onset was detected, with a peak from 6 a.m. to noon (P<0.01). In 703 of the patients, the time of the first elevation in the plasma creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) level could be used to time the onset of myocardial infarction objectively. CK-MB—estimated timing confirmed the existence of a circadian rhythm, with a threefold increase in the frequency of onset of myocardial infarction at peak (9 a.m.) as compared with trough (11 p.m.) periods. The circadian rhythm was not detected in patients receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents before myocardial infarction but was present in those not receiving such therapy. If coronary arteries become vulnerable to occlusion when the intima covering an atherosclerotic plaque is disrupted, the circadian timing of myocardial infarction ma...

Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction

Three experience-sampling studies explored the distributions of Big-Five-relevant states (behavior) across 2 to 3 weeks of everyday life. Within-person variability was high, such that the typical individual regularly and routinely manifested nearly all levels of all traits in his or her everyday behavior. Second, individual differences in central tendencies of behavioral distributions were almost perfectly stable. Third, amount of behavioral variability (and skew and kurtosis) were revealed as stable individual differences. Finally, amount of within-person variability in extraversion was shown to reflect individual differences in reactivity to extraversion-relevant situational cues. Thus, decontextualized and noncontingent Big-Five content is highly useful for descriptions of individuals' density distributions as wholes. Simultaneously, contextualized and contingent personality units (e.g., conditional traits, goals) are needed for describing the considerable within-person variation.

/pdf/toward-a-structure-and-process-integrated-view-of-5eyxjieckd.pdf

Toward a structure- and process-integrated view of personality: Traits as density distributions of states.

This article updates the ethical standards and methods for the conduct of high-quality animal and human biological rhythm research, which should be especially useful for new investigators of the rhythms of life. The editors of Chronobiology International adhere to and endorse the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines of the Committee On Publication Ethics (COPE), which encourages communication of such updates at regular intervals in the journal. The journal accepts papers representing original work, no part of which was previously submitted for publication elsewhere, except as brief abstracts, as well as in-depth reviews. The majority of research papers published in Chronobiology International entails animal and human investigations. The editors and readers of the journal expect authors of submitted manuscripts to have made an important contribution to the research of biological rhythms and related phenomena using ethical methods/procedures and unbiased, accurate, and honest reporting of findings. Authors of scientific papers are required to declare all potential conflicts of interest. The journal and its editors endorse compliance of investigators to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the National Research Council, relating to the conduct of ethical research on laboratory and other animals, and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association, relating to the conduct of ethical research on human beings. The peer review of manuscripts by Chronobiology International thus includes judgment as to whether or not the protocols and methods conform to ethical standards. Authors are expected to show mastery of the basic methods and procedures of biological rhythm research and proper statistical assessment of data, including the appropriate application of time series data analyses, as briefly reviewed in this article. The journal editors strive to consistently achieve high standards for the research of original and review papers reported in Chronobiology International, and current examples of expectations are presented herein.

Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured and blood and urine were collected at 4-hr intervals over a 24-hr span in 194 diurnally active children 11 +/- 1.5 years of age and in 278 elderly subjects 77 +/- 8 years of age. Plasma aldosterone and cortisol were determined by radioimmunoassay, serum calcium and magnesium on a Dupont ACA, and urinary epinephrine and norepinephrine by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In the children, there was a slight but statistically significant positive correlation between the circadian means in systolic blood pressure and norepinephrine excretion and serum calcium, and between diastolic blood pressure and norepinephrine excretion and serum calcium and magnesium. In the elderly subjects, there was a positive correlation between the circadian mean in diastolic blood pressure and aldosterone. In contrast to the findings in the children, however, the elderly subjects showed a negative correlation between the circadian means in norepinephrine excretion and in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. These investigations indicate differences in the regulation of the blood pressure within the "usual range" between children and elderly subjects. This has to be kept in mind in the study of essential hypertension, a syndrome that may be caused by different mechanisms in different age groups.

Endocrine factors of blood pressure regulation in different age groups.

Seven of the eight authors of this report each performed physiologic self-surveillance, some around the clock for decades. We here document the presence of long cycles (decadals, including circaundecennians) in the time structure of systolic (S) and diastolic (D) blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Because of the non-stationary nature in time and space of these and other physiologic and environmental periodic components that, like the wind, can appear and disappear in a given or other geographic location at one or another time, they have been called "Aeolian". The nonlinear estimation of the uncertainties of the periods (τs) of two or more variables being compared has been used to determine whether these components are congruent or not, depending on whether their CIs (95% confidence intervals) overlap or not. Among others, congruence has been found for components with τs clustering around 10 years in us and around us. There is a selective assortment among individuals, variables and cycle characteristics (mean and circadian amplitude and acrophase). Apart from basic interest, like other nonphotic solar signatures such as transyears with periods slightly longer than one year or about 33-year Bruckner-Egeson-Lockyer (BEL) cycles, about 10-year and longer cycles present in 7 of 7 self-monitoring individuals are of interest in the diagnosis of Vascular Variability Anomalies (VVAs), including MESOR-hypertension, and others. Some of the other VVAs, such as a circadian overswing, i.e., CHAT (Circadian Hyper-Aplitude-Tension), or an excessive pulse pressure, based on repeated 7-day around-the-clock records, can represent a risk of severe cardiovascular events, greater than that of a high BP. The differential diagnosis of physiologic cycles, infradians (components with a τ longer than 28 hours) as well as circadians awaits the collection of reference values for the infradian parameters of the cycles described herein. Just as in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats during the weeks after weaning CHAT precedes an elevation of the BP MESOR, a decadal overswing seems to precede the occurrence of high BP in two of the subjects here examined. Only around-the-clock monitoring in health for the collection of reference values will allow on their basis the differential diagnosis of the onsets of a circadian versus a circadecadal overswing in BP and the specification whether, and if so, when to initiate hypotensive non-drug or drug treatment.

Decadal Cycles in the Human Cardiovascular System

Cytoplasmic estrogen receptors were determined by the dextran-coated charcoal method in inguinal breast tissue of three groups of Balb/C female mice 6–8 weeks following subcutaneous implantation into the intact animals of three pituitary glands and three pieces of skeletal muscle (group I), three pituitary glands and three segments of hypothalamic tissue (group II), or three pieces of skeletal muscle (group III) obtained from animals of the same inbred strain as control. A circadian rhythm in estrogen receptor content was statistically quantified by cosinor analysis in the muscle implanted control and the pituitary and hypothalamic implant groups. In the pituitary and muscle implant group the circadian rhythm is of borderline significance with a P-value between 0.05 and 0.10. The timing (acrophase) and extent of change (amplitude) are similar in all three treatment groups. The average receptor content (MESOR) in the two pituitary-implanted groups, which in previous studies were shown to have an increased ...

Circadian rhythm in mammary cytoplasmic estrogen receptor content of Balb/C female mice with and without pituitary isografts.

A human biologic week in the heart rate variations was compared with the variations of the sunspot area and geomagnetic activity over the solar cycle. The low ratio of amplitude of circaseptan rhythm to that of circadian rhythm in the heart rate of several clinically healthy men who did around-the-clock self-measurements in a number of years coincides with the period of anomalously low amplitude of circaseptan rhythm of the solar activity. Results herein suggest that physiologic circaseptan rhythms are built into the genome being adapted evolutionary to the original heliogeomagnetic environmental circaseptans.

Erhard Haus

Papers

Endocrine factors of blood pressure regulation in different age groups.

Decadal Cycles in the Human Cardiovascular System

Circadian rhythm in mammary cytoplasmic estrogen receptor content of Balb/C female mice with and without pituitary isografts.

The origin of the biological week from data on the rhythm of cardiac contractions in people during the solar activity cycle

Circadian timing of ACTH, beta endorphin, adrenal steroids and testosterone in patients with adrenogenital syndrome (21-hydroxylase deficiency).