1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

The emergence of publications on extracellular RNA (exRNA) and extracellular vesicles (EV) has highlighted the potential of these molecules and vehicles as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets. These findings have created a paradigm shift, most prominently in the field of oncology, prompting expanded interest in the field and dedication of funds for EV research. At the same time, understanding of EV subtypes, biogenesis, cargo and mechanisms of shuttling remains incomplete. The techniques that can be harnessed to address the many gaps in our current knowledge were the subject of a special workshop of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) in New York City in October 2012. As part of the “ISEV Research Seminar: Analysis and Function of RNA in Extracellular Vesicles (evRNA)”, 6 round-table discussions were held to provide an evidence-based framework for isolation and analysis of EV, purification and analysis of associated RNA molecules, and molecular engineering of EV for therapeutic intervention. This article arises from the discussion of EV isolation and analysis at that meeting. The conclusions of the round table are supplemented with a review of published materials and our experience. Controversies and outstanding questions are identified that may inform future research and funding priorities. While we emphasize the need for standardization of specimen handling, appropriate normative controls, and isolation and analysis techniques to facilitate comparison of results, we also recognize that continual development and evaluation of techniques will be necessary as new knowledge is amassed. On many points, consensus has not yet been achieved and must be built through the reporting of well-controlled experiments. Keywords: extracellular vesicle; exosome; microvesicle; standardization; isolation (Published: 27 May 2013) Citation: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles 2013, 2 : 20360 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jev.v2i0.20360

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Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research

To determine whether the onset of myocardial infarction occurs randomly throughout the day, we analyzed the time of onset of pain in 2999 patients admitted with myocardial infarction. A marked circadian rhythm in the frequency of onset was detected, with a peak from 6 a.m. to noon (P<0.01). In 703 of the patients, the time of the first elevation in the plasma creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) level could be used to time the onset of myocardial infarction objectively. CK-MB—estimated timing confirmed the existence of a circadian rhythm, with a threefold increase in the frequency of onset of myocardial infarction at peak (9 a.m.) as compared with trough (11 p.m.) periods. The circadian rhythm was not detected in patients receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents before myocardial infarction but was present in those not receiving such therapy. If coronary arteries become vulnerable to occlusion when the intima covering an atherosclerotic plaque is disrupted, the circadian timing of myocardial infarction ma...

Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction

Three experience-sampling studies explored the distributions of Big-Five-relevant states (behavior) across 2 to 3 weeks of everyday life. Within-person variability was high, such that the typical individual regularly and routinely manifested nearly all levels of all traits in his or her everyday behavior. Second, individual differences in central tendencies of behavioral distributions were almost perfectly stable. Third, amount of behavioral variability (and skew and kurtosis) were revealed as stable individual differences. Finally, amount of within-person variability in extraversion was shown to reflect individual differences in reactivity to extraversion-relevant situational cues. Thus, decontextualized and noncontingent Big-Five content is highly useful for descriptions of individuals' density distributions as wholes. Simultaneously, contextualized and contingent personality units (e.g., conditional traits, goals) are needed for describing the considerable within-person variation.

/pdf/toward-a-structure-and-process-integrated-view-of-5eyxjieckd.pdf

Toward a structure- and process-integrated view of personality: Traits as density distributions of states.

This article updates the ethical standards and methods for the conduct of high-quality animal and human biological rhythm research, which should be especially useful for new investigators of the rhythms of life. The editors of Chronobiology International adhere to and endorse the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines of the Committee On Publication Ethics (COPE), which encourages communication of such updates at regular intervals in the journal. The journal accepts papers representing original work, no part of which was previously submitted for publication elsewhere, except as brief abstracts, as well as in-depth reviews. The majority of research papers published in Chronobiology International entails animal and human investigations. The editors and readers of the journal expect authors of submitted manuscripts to have made an important contribution to the research of biological rhythms and related phenomena using ethical methods/procedures and unbiased, accurate, and honest reporting of findings. Authors of scientific papers are required to declare all potential conflicts of interest. The journal and its editors endorse compliance of investigators to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the National Research Council, relating to the conduct of ethical research on laboratory and other animals, and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association, relating to the conduct of ethical research on human beings. The peer review of manuscripts by Chronobiology International thus includes judgment as to whether or not the protocols and methods conform to ethical standards. Authors are expected to show mastery of the basic methods and procedures of biological rhythm research and proper statistical assessment of data, including the appropriate application of time series data analyses, as briefly reviewed in this article. The journal editors strive to consistently achieve high standards for the research of original and review papers reported in Chronobiology International, and current examples of expectations are presented herein.

Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings

Toward a chronotherapy of ovarian cancer with taxol. Part II: Test pilot study on circulating CA125.

Circadian rhythm alteration in HIV infected subjects.

A circadian rhythm is demonstrated for salivary CEA in a clinically healthy man who collected unstimulated saliva samples around the clock for 4 days. Its acrophase occurs around 07:00, slightly later than for patients with colon cancer. A circadian rhythm of borderline statistical significance is found for the urinary excretion rate of CEA determined during the same span by this patient. It has an acrophase occurring around 15:00, differing from that of salivary CEA. Although CEA may have only limited value to assess tumor burden, even when determined in blood, rhythm characteristics of tumor markers such as CEA await applications for guiding treatment timing and for detecting earliest chronome alterations not only in the case of an overt cancer but as a feature of predisease and/or disease risk elevation.

Cancer marker assessment: case report on salivary and urinary CEA.

Chronobiology, the computer-aided science (logos) of life (bios) in time (chronos), provides novel concepts, tools and facts for those concerned with mitosis, growth and growth hormone (GH). GH concentrations in human plasma demonstrate a statistically significant circadian rhythm on a 6h as well as on a 24h rest-activity cycle. On a 24h routine of light (L) and darkness (D), alternating at 12h intervals, and in continuous D, circadian mitotic rhythms in mice persist as a feature of growth or regeneration. A circadian cell cycle commences with an increase in phospholipid labeling, followed by an increase in cytoplasmic RNA formation, preceding, in regular sequences, an increase in nuclear DNA formation and the next mitotic peak in those cells that are dividing in a growing or regenerating (reversibly "post-mitotic') rodent liver. About 5-day (presumably estral) and about 7-day (circaseptan) components as well as circadians are resolved as a spectrum of mitotic rhythms in rodent cornea. The effects of hormones such as GH or a synthetic ACTH analogue, ACTH 1-17, depend upon the circadian cell cycle stages when the agent is administered. No effect or statistically significant effect can be the result only of 1) the timing of a fixed dose of GH or 2) of the timing of the samples taken to investigate any effect. For both the timing of administration and the assessment of effects, a multifrequency spectrum of rhythms, if taken into account, can provide (in lieu of a considerable and often formidable source of variation) a new critical dimension of growth and development.

Chronobiology, growth hormone and healthy and malignant growth.

Oral temperature rhythmometry and substantial within-day variation in zidovudine levels following steady-state dosing in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Erhard Haus

Papers

Toward a chronotherapy of ovarian cancer with taxol. Part II: Test pilot study on circulating CA125.

Circadian rhythm alteration in HIV infected subjects.

Cancer marker assessment: case report on salivary and urinary CEA.

Chronobiology, growth hormone and healthy and malignant growth.

Oral temperature rhythmometry and substantial within-day variation in zidovudine levels following steady-state dosing in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.