1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/596B270197FE27DE5FABB598B6210622/S0025557200150892a.pdf/div-class-title-span-class-italic-the-geometry-of-biological-time-span-by-a-t-winfree-pp-544-dm68-corrected-second-printing-1990-isbn-3-540-52528-9-springer-div.pdf

The geometry of biological time , by A. T. Winfree. Pp 544. DM68. Corrected Second Printing 1990. ISBN 3-540-52528-9 (Springer)

The emergence of publications on extracellular RNA (exRNA) and extracellular vesicles (EV) has highlighted the potential of these molecules and vehicles as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets. These findings have created a paradigm shift, most prominently in the field of oncology, prompting expanded interest in the field and dedication of funds for EV research. At the same time, understanding of EV subtypes, biogenesis, cargo and mechanisms of shuttling remains incomplete. The techniques that can be harnessed to address the many gaps in our current knowledge were the subject of a special workshop of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) in New York City in October 2012. As part of the “ISEV Research Seminar: Analysis and Function of RNA in Extracellular Vesicles (evRNA)”, 6 round-table discussions were held to provide an evidence-based framework for isolation and analysis of EV, purification and analysis of associated RNA molecules, and molecular engineering of EV for therapeutic intervention. This article arises from the discussion of EV isolation and analysis at that meeting. The conclusions of the round table are supplemented with a review of published materials and our experience. Controversies and outstanding questions are identified that may inform future research and funding priorities. While we emphasize the need for standardization of specimen handling, appropriate normative controls, and isolation and analysis techniques to facilitate comparison of results, we also recognize that continual development and evaluation of techniques will be necessary as new knowledge is amassed. On many points, consensus has not yet been achieved and must be built through the reporting of well-controlled experiments. Keywords: extracellular vesicle; exosome; microvesicle; standardization; isolation (Published: 27 May 2013) Citation: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles 2013, 2 : 20360 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jev.v2i0.20360

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Standardization of sample collection, isolation and analysis methods in extracellular vesicle research

To determine whether the onset of myocardial infarction occurs randomly throughout the day, we analyzed the time of onset of pain in 2999 patients admitted with myocardial infarction. A marked circadian rhythm in the frequency of onset was detected, with a peak from 6 a.m. to noon (P<0.01). In 703 of the patients, the time of the first elevation in the plasma creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) level could be used to time the onset of myocardial infarction objectively. CK-MB—estimated timing confirmed the existence of a circadian rhythm, with a threefold increase in the frequency of onset of myocardial infarction at peak (9 a.m.) as compared with trough (11 p.m.) periods. The circadian rhythm was not detected in patients receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents before myocardial infarction but was present in those not receiving such therapy. If coronary arteries become vulnerable to occlusion when the intima covering an atherosclerotic plaque is disrupted, the circadian timing of myocardial infarction ma...

Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction

Three experience-sampling studies explored the distributions of Big-Five-relevant states (behavior) across 2 to 3 weeks of everyday life. Within-person variability was high, such that the typical individual regularly and routinely manifested nearly all levels of all traits in his or her everyday behavior. Second, individual differences in central tendencies of behavioral distributions were almost perfectly stable. Third, amount of behavioral variability (and skew and kurtosis) were revealed as stable individual differences. Finally, amount of within-person variability in extraversion was shown to reflect individual differences in reactivity to extraversion-relevant situational cues. Thus, decontextualized and noncontingent Big-Five content is highly useful for descriptions of individuals' density distributions as wholes. Simultaneously, contextualized and contingent personality units (e.g., conditional traits, goals) are needed for describing the considerable within-person variation.

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Toward a structure- and process-integrated view of personality: Traits as density distributions of states.

This article updates the ethical standards and methods for the conduct of high-quality animal and human biological rhythm research, which should be especially useful for new investigators of the rhythms of life. The editors of Chronobiology International adhere to and endorse the Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines of the Committee On Publication Ethics (COPE), which encourages communication of such updates at regular intervals in the journal. The journal accepts papers representing original work, no part of which was previously submitted for publication elsewhere, except as brief abstracts, as well as in-depth reviews. The majority of research papers published in Chronobiology International entails animal and human investigations. The editors and readers of the journal expect authors of submitted manuscripts to have made an important contribution to the research of biological rhythms and related phenomena using ethical methods/procedures and unbiased, accurate, and honest reporting of findings. Authors of scientific papers are required to declare all potential conflicts of interest. The journal and its editors endorse compliance of investigators to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the National Research Council, relating to the conduct of ethical research on laboratory and other animals, and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association, relating to the conduct of ethical research on human beings. The peer review of manuscripts by Chronobiology International thus includes judgment as to whether or not the protocols and methods conform to ethical standards. Authors are expected to show mastery of the basic methods and procedures of biological rhythm research and proper statistical assessment of data, including the appropriate application of time series data analyses, as briefly reviewed in this article. The journal editors strive to consistently achieve high standards for the research of original and review papers reported in Chronobiology International, and current examples of expectations are presented herein.

Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings

Circadian periodicity of performance in athletic students.

Eighty-four singly housed LOU rats, 43 males and 41 females, were studied (under conditions standardized for rhythmometry) for the effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) upon a transplantable immunocytoma. Body temperature was monitored as a host reference rhythm while light chain excretion and tumor size were monitored to determine an effect upon the tumor. The MP, dissolved in a sweet solution, was consumed by the rats without any statistically significant shift in acrophase of the circadian temperature rhythm. Time dependent effects of MP treatment were observed with respect to 1) tumor size decrement and 2) the survival of treated animals, as compared to untreated animals.

Competing circadian effects of methylprednisolone and rat weight, light chains, immunocytoma size and survival.

Cytokine levels in blood are not yet fully considered as biomarkers for disease even if some significant progresses have been made in linking certain cytokines to some diseases. The aim of this study was to look for the stability of some cytokines in blood collected in two different days separated by one month. Fifteen healthy young men aged 20–30 years were selected for this study. Each subject participated in two 24-h sessions spaced a month apart. Blood sample was taken at 11:00, 17:00, 22:00, 01:00, 04:00, 06:00, and 08:00. Concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-1-receptor antagonist, soluble IL-2 receptor, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-2 were measured in serum. The circadian pattern of each variable was compared between the two days. The results show that there is no reliability for the measured cytokines. This study shows that cytokine levels measured in blood are neither reliable variables nor considered as stable markers in healthy subjects.

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Large intra-individual variability of plasma cytokines in healthy young men: a two 24-h study over a month

About 24-h rhythms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure are an expression of numerous neural, endocrine, and vascular circadian rhythms superimposed on which are the differential day—night level of physical and emotional loads (1,2) The human circadian time structure begins to develop in utero It is completed in infants during the first 2 yr of life coinciding with the maturation of the neural, endocrine, and other systems The circadian clock, and the rhythms it generates, becomes fully entrained to the 24-h societal routine through daily exposure to cyclic environmental time cues, especially the alternation of light and darkness and the temporal pattern of childcare This article reviews the development of the human circadian time structure as it pertains to the establishment of 24-h rhythms in BP, the management of childhood hypertension (HTN), and pediatric medicine

Erhard Haus

Papers

Circadian periodicity of performance in athletic students.

Competing circadian effects of methylprednisolone and rat weight, light chains, immunocytoma size and survival.

Large intra-individual variability of plasma cytokines in healthy young men: a two 24-h study over a month

Development of Circadian Time Structure and Blood Pressure Rhythms

An Origin of «Biologic Week» on the Basis of the Data of Human Heart Rate Variations over the Solar Activity Cycle