Nos últimos trinta trinta anos, houve profundas mudanças na forma como compreendemos o crime e a justiça criminal. O crime tornou-se um evento simbólico, um verdadeiro teste para a ordem social e para as políticas governamentais, um desafio para a sociedade civil, para a democracia e para os direitos humanos. Segundo David Garland, professor da Faculdade de Direito da New York University, um dos principais autores no campo da Sociologia da Punição e com artigo publicado na Revista de Sociologia e Política , número 13, na modernidade tardia houve uma verdadeira obsessão securitária, direcionando as políticas criminais para um maior rigor em relação às penas e maior intolerância com o criminoso. Há trinta anos, nos EUA e na Inglaterra essa tendência era insuspeita. O livro mostra que os dois países compartilham intrigantes similaridades em suas práticas criminais, a despeito da divisão racial, das desigualdades econômicas e da letalidade violenta que marcam fortemente o cenário americano. Segundo David Garland, encontram-se nos dois países os “mesmos tipos de riscos e inseguranças, a mesma percepção a respeito dos problemas de um controle social não-efetivo, as mesmas críticas da justiça criminal tradicional, e as mesmas ansiedades recorrentes sobre mudança e ordem sociais”1 (GARLAND, 2001, p. 2). O argumento principal da obra é o seguinte: a modernidade tardia, esse distintivo padrão de relações sociais, econômicas e culturais, trouxe consigo um conjunto de riscos, inseguranças e problemas de controle social que deram uma configuração específica às nossas respostas ao crime, ao garantir os altos custos das políticas criminais, o grau máximo de duração das penas e a excessivas taxas de encarceramento.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rsocp/n20/n20a15.pdf

The culture of control: crime and social order in contemporary, society

Author Ray Pawson presents a devastating critique of the dominant approach to systematic review namely the 'meta-analytic' approach as sponsored by the Cochrane and Campbell collaborations. In its place is commended an approach that he terms 'realist synthesis'. On this vision, the real purpose of systematic review is better to understand program theory, so that policies Author Ray Pawson presents a devastating critique of the dominant approach to systematic review namely the 'meta-analytic' approach as sponsored by the Cochrane and Campbell collaborations. In its place is commended an approach that he terms 'realist synthesis'. On this vision, the real purpose of systematic review is better to understand program theory, so that policies can be properly targeted and developed to counter an ever-changing landscape of social problems. The book will be essential reading for all those who loved (or loathed) the arguments developed in Realistic Evaluation (Sage, 1997). It offers a complete blueprint for research synthesis, supported by detailed illustrations and worked examples from across the policy waterfront.

Evidence-based Policy: A Realist Perspective

The civilizing process

The following bibliography is conceived as a selection of international literature on food as heritage and as a marker of identity within the huge amount of works recently produced on the topic of food. The bibliography has been produced within the “Food as heritage” project, performed at University of Bologna and coordinated by Ilaria Porciani, with a team composed by Massimo Montanari, Paolo Capuzzo, Raffaele Laudani and Marica Tolomelli. “Food as heritage” is part of a wider projec...

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Bibliography “Food as Heritage”

The SubCulture of Violence

For decades institutional food has been studied to learn about wider developments in foodways in the past and present. Prison diets offer additional value to these studies in that prisoners’ food h...

A Vehicle of Punishment? Prison Diets in Belgium Circa 1900

Depuis 1930, la Belgique dispose de deux mecanismes permettant soit l’allongement de certaines peines, soit l’indetermination de leur duree. Il s’agit, d’une part, de l’internement des delinquants anormaux et, d’autre part, de la mise a la disposition du gouvernement des recidivistes et delinquants d’habitude. En complement des autres presentations nationales du seminaire du GERN « Longues peines et peines indefinies. Punir la dangerosite », l’objet de cette contribution est double : presenter le cadre normatif de ces mecanismes en en soulignant les grands enjeux tels qu’ils apparurent notamment dans les debats entre juristes et medecins ; juger de l’effectivite de ces mecanismes en examinant, tant que faire se peut, l’usage qui en a ete fait.

Le traitement de la « dangerosité » en Belgique : internement et mise à la disposition du gouvernement

Prison overcrowding is a major problem in the Belgian criminal justice system, with 40% of the current population consisting of prisoners remanded in custody. Driven by a goal of prison overcrowding prevention, electronic monitoring has been implemented nationally since 2000, but only as an alternative to the execution of the entire, or a part of the prison sentence imposed. This article aims to report some final results of recent research on the possible application of electronic monitoring as an alternative to remand custody in Belgium, more particularly with regard to some important legal, practical and organisational questions.

Some Reflections on the Possible Introduction of Electronic Monitoring as an Alternative to Pre‐trial Detention in Belgium

Sexual offenses are often part of a larger criminal career also encompassing nonsexual crimes. However, most sexual offending typologies focus on an individual’s most recent sexual offense. We compare data from Belgian and Dutch national conviction cohorts and use latent class analysis to distinguish groups of individuals based on their history of sexual and nonsexual offenses, considering continuity and variety. The resulting classification is compared between individuals convicted of sexual offenses and individuals convicted of nonsexual offenses. Results show that four latent classes can be distinguished based on continuity and variety in criminal histories of individuals convicted of sexual offenses, and that some of these classes resemble those distinguished among individuals convicted of nonsexual offenses. We find limited overlap between these latent classes and typologies based solely on the index offense. Results show marked similarities across countries. These results challenge theories of sexual offending to incorporate patterns of nonsexual offending.

Differentiating Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses: A Two-Country Latent Class Analysis.

Prison overcrowding is a major problem in the Belgian criminal justice system, with almost 40% of the current population consisting of prisoners in remand custody. Driven by a goal of prison overcrowding prevention, electronic monitoring has been implemented nationally since 2000, but only as an alternative to the execution of the entire or a part of the prison sentence imposed. This article aims to report some final results of a recent research on the possible application of electronic monitoring as an alternative to pre-trial detention in Belgium.

/pdf/thinking-about-electronic-monitoring-in-the-context-of-pre-4epptygpi4.pdf

Eric Maes

Papers

A Vehicle of Punishment? Prison Diets in Belgium Circa 1900

Le traitement de la « dangerosité » en Belgique : internement et mise à la disposition du gouvernement

Some Reflections on the Possible Introduction of Electronic Monitoring as an Alternative to Pre‐trial Detention in Belgium

Differentiating Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offenses: A Two-Country Latent Class Analysis.

Thinking about Electronic Monitoring in the Context of Pre-Trial Detention in Belgium: A Solution to Prison Overcrowding?: