The type and amount of lipids produced by an algal species directly influence the quality of the achieved biodiesel. This study is the first to report on the isolation process and lipid profile analysis of algal strains obtained from the Persian Gulf as well as 9 previously introduced strains. Biomass productivity and lipid productivity seemed to be adequate criteria for estimating the potential of different microalgae species for producing biodiesel. A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the estimated properties of biodiesel and the results obtained were plotted against lipid productivity. This led to the distinction of five different microalgae groups in regard to their potential for biodiesel production. This analysis also highlighted the dependence of the fuel properties on oil saturation level. On that basis, Amphora sp. and the two locally isolated strains ( Dunaliella sp.) formed the extreme groups. The other three groups generated biodiesel of intermediate quality. The highest volumetric lipid productivity (79.08 mg l − 1 day − 1 ) was found in Chlorella vulgaris . Based on the results of bioprospection by FAME profiling, the best approach for obtaining quality algal biodiesel is to mix the oils of distinct cell cultures or to specifically select proper microalgal strains for different climate conditions.

Fatty acids profiling: A selective criterion for screening microalgae strains for biodiesel production

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The Science And Engineering Of Materials

Inspired by the water-collecting mechanism of the Stenocara beetle’s back structure, we prepared a superhydrophilic bumps–superhydrophobic/superoleophilic stainless steel mesh (SBS-SSM) filter via a facile and environmentally friendly method. Specifically, hydrophilic silica microparticles are assembled on the as-cleaned stainless steel mesh surface, followed by further spin-coating with a fluoropolymer/SiO2 nanoparticle solution. On the special surface of SBS-SSM, attributed to the steep surface energy gradient, the superhydrophilic bumps (hydrophilic silica microparticles) are able to capture emulsified water droplets and collect water from the emulsion even when their size is smaller than the pore size of the stainless steel mesh. The oil portion of the water-in-oil emulsion therefore permeates through pores of the superhydrophobic/superoleophilic mesh coating freely and gets purified. We demonstrated an oil recovery purity up to 99.95 wt % for surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions on the biomim...

Inspired by Stenocara Beetles: From Water Collection to High-Efficiency Water-in-Oil Emulsion Separation

A comprehensive review on the environmental impacts of diesel/biodiesel additives

Oxidative stability of biodiesel: Causes, effects and prevention

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the main issues concerned with the oxidative and storage stabilities of biodiesel and how they affect different metallic and polymeric materials present in automotive parts and in biodiesel storage structures. In addition, this work presents a review of the techniques used for measuring the oxidative stability and for evaluating the degradation of metallic and polymeric materials. When biodiesel is oxidized, a series of changes in its properties occurs. These changes not only affect biodiesel quality, but also the properties of the materials that are in contact with it. Upon oxidation, biodiesel properties like the acid value, peroxide value and viscosity increase, while the iodine value and the content of methyl esters decrease. The changes in the chemical and physical properties of biodiesel can affect the integrity and stability of the material. The situation reviewed in this paper, which talks about the stability of materials, could limit the extensive use of biodiesel. Such measures have been proposed in several countries, and it is a topic of great importance for biodiesel technology.

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The oxidative stability of biodiesel and its impact on the deterioration of metallic and polymeric materials: a review

Oxidative stability and cold flow behavior of palm, sacha-inchi, jatropha and castor oil biodiesel blends

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the impact of pure palm biodiesel fuel (B100) and biodiesel blends with 0.32% oleic, palmitic, acetic, myristic, and stearic acids on the properties of some polymeric materials used commonly in the manufacture of auto parts such as the polyamide 66 (PA66), polyoxymethylene (POM), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The effects of the B100 and B100–acid blends on polymeric materials were examined by comparing changes in the gain/loss of mass and by measuring the hardness, the impact strength, and the tensile strength of the materials at the end of the exposure. The characterization of the polymers was carried out before and after exposure by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). After the immersion in B100–acids blends, the HDPE exhibited an increase in mass of 5%, which was very similar in all blends. The PA66 showed a small decrease in weight (2% approx.) in all mixtures. The POM presented an increase in the percentage of weight in the mixture of B100 with acetic acid of 0.3%. A decrease was observed in the crystallinity of the HDPE when exposed to blends of B100–acids. This behavior may be associated with a plasticizing effect in the HDPE exposed to the blends. The mechanical properties of POM and HDPE showed no significant changes after immersion in the fuels. On the other hand, PA66 exhibited a significant decrease in maximum stress value after immersion in B100, B100–oleic acid and B100–palmitic acid blends. The variation of the mechanical properties of the PA66 after exposure to B100 was potentiated by addition of organic acids. The assessed polymers did not undergo appreciable changes in the chemical structure of the samples after immersion in the fuels, so the variation in the mechanical properties could be explained by physical absorption of the fuel into the polymers.

Evaluation of the Stability of Polymeric Materials Exposed to Palm Biodiesel and Biodiesel–Organic Acid Blends

En el presente trabajo se evaluo la estabilidad oxidativa del biodiesel de palma africana bajo condiciones dealmacenamiento prolongado, y en presencia de materiales metalicos y polimericos que se encuentran tantoen los sistemas de almacenamiento y transporte de combustible, asi como en los automotores. La estabilidadse evaluo mediante el tiempo de induccion, el indice de acidez y el indice de peroxido. Los dos primerosparametros son regulados por las normas nacionales e internacionales que rigen la calidad del biodiesel. Alfinal de los 360 dias de evaluacion, se encontro que el biodiesel expuesto a cobre presenta el mayor cambio enlos parametros evaluados. A los 20 dias de almacenamiento, el biodiesel expuesto a cobre presento un tiempode induccion de 2.63 horas, muy por debajo del valor para los biodieseles expuesto a los otros materiales (18horas en promedio) y del valor limite requerido por las normas internacionales (3 horas en EEUU y 6 horas enColombia y la Union Europea).

https://revistaingenieria.univalle.edu.co/index.php/ingenieria_y_competitividad/article/download/2656/3508

Estudio de la estabilidad oxidativa de biodiésel de aceite de palma en contacto con materiales metálicos y poliméricos automotrices

In the present study, the oxidative stability of palm oil biodiesel was evaluated under prolonged storage conditions, and in the presence of metallic and polymeric materials which are common both in storage and transportation of fuel, as well as motor vehicles. The stability was evaluated through the induction time, the acid value and the peroxide value. The first two parameters are regulated by national and international standards which regulate the quality of biodiesel. At the end of the 360 days of evaluation, it was found that the biodiesel exposed to copper had the greatest change in the parameters. At 20 days of storage, the biodiesel with copper presented an induction time of 2.63 hours, well below the biodiesel exposed to other materials (18 hours on average) and also below the limit value required by international standards (3 hours in the U.S. and 6 hours in Colombia and the European Union).

/pdf/study-of-the-oxidative-stability-of-palm-oil-biodiesel-in-448mrdw8xw.pdf

Ernesto C. Zuleta

Papers

The oxidative stability of biodiesel and its impact on the deterioration of metallic and polymeric materials: a review

Oxidative stability and cold flow behavior of palm, sacha-inchi, jatropha and castor oil biodiesel blends

Evaluation of the Stability of Polymeric Materials Exposed to Palm Biodiesel and Biodiesel–Organic Acid Blends

Estudio de la estabilidad oxidativa de biodiésel de aceite de palma en contacto con materiales metálicos y poliméricos automotrices

Study of the oxidative stability of palm oil biodiesel in contact with automotive metallic and polymeric materials