The network structure of a hyperlinked environment can be a rich source of information about the content of the environment, provided we have effective means for understanding it. We develop a set of algorithmic tools for extracting information from the link structures of such environments, and report on experiments that demonstrate their effectiveness in a variety of context on the World Wide Web. The central issue we address within our framework is the distillation of broad search topics, through the discovery of “authorative” information sources on such topics. We propose and test an algorithmic formulation of the notion of authority, based on the relationship between a set of relevant authoritative pages and the set of “hub pages” that join them together in the link structure. Our formulation has connections to the eigenvectors of certain matrices associated with the link graph; these connections in turn motivate additional heuristrics for link-based analysis.

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Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment

We present VOSviewer, a freely available computer program that we have developed for constructing and viewing bibliometric maps. Unlike most computer programs that are used for bibliometric mapping, VOSviewer pays special attention to the graphical representation of bibliometric maps. The functionality of VOSviewer is especially useful for displaying large bibliometric maps in an easy-to-interpret way. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, an overview of VOSviewer’s functionality for displaying bibliometric maps is provided. In the second part, the technical implementation of specific parts of the program is discussed. Finally, in the third part, VOSviewer’s ability to handle large maps is demonstrated by using the program to construct and display a co-citation map of 5,000 major scientific journals.

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Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping.

A new form of document coupling called co-citation is defined as the frequency with which two documents are cited together. The co-citation frequency of two scientific papers can be determined by comparing lists of citing documents in the Science Citation Index and counting identical entries. Networks of co-cited papers can be generated for specific scientific specialties, and an example is drawn from the literature of particle physics. Co-citation patterns are found to differ significantly from bibliographic coupling patterns, but to agree generally with patterns of direct citation. Clusters of co-cited papers provide a new way to study the specialty structure of science. They may provide a new approach to indexing and to the creation of SDI profiles.

Co-citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents

bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis

We review the recent rapid progress in the statistical physics of evolving networks. Interest has focused mainly on the structural properties of complex networks in communications, biology, social sciences and economics. A number of giant artificial networks of this kind have recently been created, which opens a wide field for the study of their topology, evolution, and the complex processes which occur in them. Such networks possess a rich set of scaling properties. A number of them are scale-free and show striking resilience against random breakdowns. In spite of the large sizes of these networks, the distances between most of their vertices are short - a feature known as the 'small-world' effect. We discuss how growing networks self-organize into scale-free structures, and investigate the role of the mechanism of preferential linking. We consider the topological and structural properties of evolving networks, and percolation and disease spread on these networks. We present a number of models demonstrat...

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Evolution of networks

Evaluations of individual scientists and research institutions

One imperfect application does not destroy the value of citation analysis.

Crisis in Publishing

found ten times that number. Elsewhere, these authors claim that a search for references to Nicolas Bourbaki produced 10 citations; our search produced over 2700. When they tried &dquo;to test Garfield’s Indexes&dquo; by tracing citations to semiotic schools, the paper states that they &dquo; found them almost invisible&dquo;: this finding might have greater validity if they had used the appropriate index, the Arts and Humallllles C/latlOn Index. where, in a single year (1982), I found 239 citations of Mukarovsky, 118 of Propp, and 701 of Barthes-all perfectly visible, if one looks in the right place. I could continue, but I hope these examples will suffice to show that those same new schools of thought which Matter and Broms claim

The myth of the vicious circle of citation

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Eugene Garfield

Papers

Evaluations of individual scientists and research institutions

One imperfect application does not destroy the value of citation analysis.

Crisis in Publishing

The myth of the vicious circle of citation

Is the Current System of Scientific Communication Adequate to the Age of Plasmid Engineering