Detection of toxigenic Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis spores in U.S. rice.

Campylobacter species are common bacterial pathogens associated with human gastroenteritis worldwide. In North America, Europe and Japan, campylobacteriosis is one of the leading food-borne bacterial illnesses and the consumption of poultry meats and/or by-products is suspected a major cause of the illness. In this survey, we summarized the research papers describing Campylobacter contamination of retail poultry meats and by-products in various countries of the world. In most of the countries, a majority of retail poultry meats and by-products were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni was usually the dominant Campylobacter species isolated from retail poultry and C. coli was less frequently isolated, although the ratio of C. coli to C. jejuni was considerably different among the countries. However, in Thailand and South Africa, C. coli was the dominant Campylobacter species isolated from retail poultry. A large portion of retail poultry was contaminated with Campylobacter spp. in the world; therefore, further trials are required for finding proper countermeasures and attention should be paid for the sanitary handling of poultry products.

Campylobacter contamination in retail poultry meats and by-products in the world: a literature survey.

Food borne illnesses result from eating food or drinking beverages that are contaminated with chemical matter, heavy metals, parasites, fungi, viruses and Bacteria. Bacillus cereus is one of the food-borne disease causing Bacteria. Species of Bacillus and related genera have long been troublesome to food producers on account of their resistant endospores. Their spores may be present on various types of raw and cooked foods, and their ability to survive high cooking temperatures requires that cooked foods be served hot or cooled rapidly to prevent the growth of this bacteria. Bacillus cereus is well known as a cause of food poisoning, and much more is now known about the toxins produced by various strains of this species, so that its significance in such episodes are clearer. However, it is still unclear why such cases are so rarely reported worldwide.

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Bacillus cereus food poisoning: international and Indian perspective.

Effect of UV-C irradiation on the inactivation of inoculated pathogens and quality of chicken breasts during storage

Emerging foodborne pathogens are challenging subjects of food microbiology with their antibiotic resistance and their impact on public health. Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp. and Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) are significant emerging food pathogens, globally. The decrease in supply and increase in demand lead developed countries to produce animal products with a higher efficiency. The massive production has caused the increase of the significant foodborne diseases. The strict control of food starting from farm to fork has been held by different regulations. Official measures have been applied to combat these pathogens. In 2005 EU declared that, an EU-wide ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed would be applied on 1 January 2006. The ban is the final step in the phasing out of antibiotics used for non-medical purposes. It is a part of the Commission’s strategy to tackle the emergence of bacteria and other microbes resistant to antibiotics, due to their overexploitati...

Antimicrobial resistance of emerging foodborne pathogens: status quo and global trends.

Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni from retail raw chickens in Korea.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bacillus cereus in dried red pepper in Korea.

Listeria monocytogenes is a well-known high-risk foodborne pathogen that grows at refrigeration temperature and is responsible for outbreaks of listeriosis. We report here the incidence of L. monocytogenes in fresh chicken carcasses and present genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates. In this study, 25 g of chicken carcasses from markets in Korea were examined according to the FDA method, and presumptive isolates were confirmed by multiplex PCR assay. L. monocytogenes isolates were analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis using restriction enzymes, ApaI and AscI, to obtain strain-specific DNA fragments profiles. Antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes strains against generally used antibiotics (Penicillin G, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Vancomycin, Cephalothin, Rifampicin, Erythromycin, Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, and Chloramphenicol) were analyzed by NCCLS protocols to examine the presence of antimicrobial resistance in natural L. monocytogenes. Of a total 274 chicken samples, 81 samples (29.6%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. Listeria innocua (50.1%), Listeria welshimeri (6.9%), and Listeria grayi (11.3%) were also detected. PFGE analysis, using restriction enzymes ApaI and AscI, showed 27 pulsotypes of L. monocytogenes. Antimicrobial resistance analysis confirmed the existence of antimicrobial resistance for penicillin G and tetracycline in isolated L. monocytogenes strains.

Euiyoung Choo

Papers

Prevalence, genetic diversity, and antibiotic resistance patterns of Campylobacter jejuni from retail raw chickens in Korea.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bacillus cereus in dried red pepper in Korea.

Antibiotic Resistance and Genetic Diversity of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Chicken Carcasses in Korea