Medical applications of infrared thermography: A review.

The intensity of the infrared radiation emitted by objects is mainly a function of their temperature. In infrared thermography, this feature is used for multiple purposes: as a health indicator in medical applications, as a sign of malfunction in mechanical and electrical maintenance or as an indicator of heat loss in buildings. This paper presents a review of infrared thermography especially focused on two applications: temperature measurement and non-destructive testing, two of the main fields where infrared thermography-based sensors are used. A general introduction to infrared thermography and the common procedures for temperature measurement and non-destructive testing are presented. Furthermore, developments in these fields and recent advances are reviewed.

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Infrared thermography for temperature measurement and non-destructive testing.

http://www.clinicalthermography.co.nz/media/Singapore_Research_2008.pdf

A review of thermography as promising non-invasive detection modality for breast tumor

Classification of factors influencing the use of infrared thermography in humans: A review

Medical infrared thermography (MIT) is used for analyzing physiological functions related to skin temperature. Technological advances have made MIT a reliable medical measurement tool. This paper provides an overview of MIT's technical requirements and usefulness in sports medicine, with a special focus on overuse and traumatic knee injuries. Case studies are used to illustrate the clinical applicability and limitations of MIT. It is concluded that MIT is a non-invasive, non-radiating, low cost detection tool which should be applied for pre-scanning athletes in sports medicine.

An Overview of Recent Application of Medical Infrared Thermography in Sports Medicine in Austria

Breast cancer is a dreadful disease among women and early detection helps in achieving a cure. The mammogram is presently the standard tool for detecting breast abnormality, but its sensitivity is lower for women with dense breasts. It has been found that women with an abnormal thermogram are at a higher risk and have a poorer prognosis. However, performing and interpreting thermograms requires meticulous training. Computer simulations can be an additional tool to help the clinician in the interpretation. In this paper, a novel and flexible finite element model of a female breast is developed. Both steady state and time-dependent solutions are obtained. Steady state solutions globally match experimental thermographic results with the proper choice of blood perfusion source terms, tissue thickness and geometric scaling factor. Although the simulations may not be useful in providing a unique solution (i.e. exact size and location of the tumour owing to the complex physiological relationship between ...

Effect of blood flow, tumour and cold stress in a female breast: a novel time-accurate computer simulation.

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a serious pathophysiological condition with high morbidity and mortality, which is hard to predict and diagnose in early age. Artificial intelligence and deep learning combining with cardiac rhythms and physiological time series provide a potential to help in solving it. In this paper, we proposed a novel method that combines a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a distance distribution matrix (DDM) in entropy calculation to classify CHF patients from normal subjects, and demonstrated the effectiveness of this combination. Specifically, three entropy methods were used to generate the distribution matrixes from a 300-point RR interval (i.e., the time interval between the successive cardiac cycles) time series, which are Sample entropy, fuzzy local measure entropy, and fuzzy global measure entropy. Then, three high representative CNN models, i.e., AlexNet, DenseNet, and SE_Inception_v4 were chosen to learn the pattern of the data distributions hidden in the generated distribution matrixes. All data used in our experiments were gathered from the MIT-BIH RR Interval Databases ( http://www.physionet.org ). A total of 29 CHF patients and 54 normal sinus rhythm subjects were included in this paper. The results showed that the combination of FuzzyGMEn-generated DDM and Inception_v4 model yielded the highest accuracy of 81.85% out of all proposed combinations.

https://northumbria-test.eprints-hosting.org/id/document/267672

Combining Convolutional Neural Network and Distance Distribution Matrix for Identification of Congestive Heart Failure

Maxwell's wave equation was solved for fs laser drilling of silicon. The pre-formed hole wall's influence on the propagation behavior of subsequent laser pulses was investigated. The laser intensity at hole bottom shows distinct profile as compared with that at hole entrance. The multi-peaks and ring structure of the laser intensity were found at hole bottom. The position of maximum laser intensity (MLI) in relation to the wall taper angle was studied. It was found that the position of the MLI point would be closer to the hole entrance with increasing taper angle. This observation provides valuable information in predicting the position of plasma plume which is a key factor influencing laser drilling process. The elliptical entrance hole shape and zonal structure at the hole bottom reported in the literatures have been reasonably explained using the laser intensity distribution obtained in the present model.

Theoretical study of pre-formed hole geometries on femtosecond pulse energy distribution in laser drilling

The subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may last for decades prior to the onset of dementia and has been proposed as a risk population for development to amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD). Disruptions of functional connectivity and causal connectivity (CC) in the salience network (SN) are generally perceived as prominent hallmarks of the preclinical AD. Nevertheless, the alterations in anterior SN (aSN), and posterior SN (pSN) remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that both the functional connectivity (FC) and CC of the SN subnetworks, comprising aSN and pSN, were distinct disruptive in the SCD and aMCI. We utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the altered FC and CC of the SN subnetworks in 28 healthy controls, 23 SCD subjects, and 29 aMCI subjects. In terms of altered patterns of FC in SN subnetworks, aSN connected to the whole brain was significantly increased in the left orbital superior frontal gyrus, left insula lobule, right caudate lobule, and left rolandic operculum gyrus (ROG), whereas decreased FC was found in the left cerebellum superior lobule and left middle temporal gyrus when compared with the HC group. Notably, no prominent statistical differences were obtained in pSN. For altered patterns of CC in SN subnetworks, compared to the HC group, the aberrant connections in aMCI group were separately involved in the right cerebellum inferior lobule (CIL), right supplementary motor area (SMA), and left ROG, whereas the SCD group exhibited more regions of aberrant connection, comprising the right superior parietal lobule, right CIL, left inferior parietal lobule, left post-central gyrus (PG), and right angular gyrus. Especially, SCD group showed increased CC in the right CIL and left PG, whereas the aMCI group showed decreased CC in the left pre-cuneus, corpus callosum, and right SMA when compared to the SCD group. Collectively, our results suggest that analyzing the altered FC and CC observed in SN subnetworks, served as impressible neuroimaging biomarkers, may supply novel insights for designing preclinical interventions in the preclinical stages of AD.

Altered Patterns of Functional Connectivity and Causal Connectivity in Salience Subnetwork of Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Eyk Ng

Papers

A review of thermography as promising non-invasive detection modality for breast tumor

Effect of blood flow, tumour and cold stress in a female breast: a novel time-accurate computer simulation.

Combining Convolutional Neural Network and Distance Distribution Matrix for Identification of Congestive Heart Failure

Theoretical study of pre-formed hole geometries on femtosecond pulse energy distribution in laser drilling

Altered Patterns of Functional Connectivity and Causal Connectivity in Salience Subnetwork of Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment