F. Badaro

TL;DR: It is concluded that the combination of interferon gamma and pentavalent antimony is effective in treating seriously ill patients with refractory or previously untreated visceral leishmaniasis.

TL;DR: Serum TNF alpha levels in VL patients are a good parameter to monitor in determining host response to therapy, and this effect was further potentiated by treatment with recombinant interferon-gamma.

TL;DR: GM-CSF, 5 micrograms/kg daily for 10 days, was safe, rapidly reversed neutropenia, and reduced the number of secondary infections in patients with leishmaniasis.

TL;DR: GM-CSF given subcutaneously at a dose of 5 µg/kg daily for ten days was well tolerated, reversed neutropenia rapidly and reduced the number of secondary infections in patients with leishmaniasis.

TL;DR: A 16‐year‐old man had long‐standing diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis with the following characteristics: diffuse infiltrated lesions rich in amastigotes, absence of mucosal involvement, and lack of parasite‐specific cell‐mediated immune response.