http://lovely-physics.persiangig.com/document/DLLME.pdf

Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

Evolution of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method.

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection. Very simple, rapid and sensitive method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water

The development of faster, simpler, inexpensive and more environmentally-friendly sample-preparation techniques is an important issue in chemical analysis. Recent research trends involve miniaturization of the traditional liquid-liquid-extraction principle by greatly reducing the acceptor-to-donor ratio. The current trend is towards simplification and miniaturization of sample preparation and decreasing the quantities of organic solvents used. We discuss liquid-phase microextraction with the focus on extraction principles, historical development and performance.

https://profdoc.um.ac.ir/articles/a/1013566.pdf

Liquid-phase microextraction

http://digitalknowledge.cput.ac.za/bitstream/11189/7476/1/A%20review%20on%20environmental%20monitoring%20of%20water.pdf

A review on environmental monitoring of water organic pollutants identified by EU guidelines

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by single drop microextraction and gas chromatography-flame photometric detector.

The review summarizes applications of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for water sample analysis. Official methods and standards of SPME in water research and inter-laboratory validation are discussed. A comparison of SPME with current EPA-approved methods from several analytical aspects is presented. The review also provides some perspectives of the recent development of SPME on sampling water using artificial river systems, in the passive sampling and on-site sampling. Recently developed configuration of SPME such as thin film microextraction and high-throughput applications ( e.g. when used in a 96-blade configuration) are shown.

/pdf/a-critical-review-of-solid-phase-microextraction-for-4m2qri2n0w.pdf

A critical review of solid phase microextraction for analysis of water samples

Herein we report the development of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) devices designed to perform fast extraction/enrichment of target analytes present in small volumes of complex matrices (i.e. V≤10 μL). Micro-sampling was performed with the use of etched metal tips coated with a thin layer of biocompatible nano-structured polypyrrole (PPy), or by using coated blade spray (CBS) devices. These devices can be coupled either to liquid chromatography (LC), or directly to mass spectrometry (MS) via dedicated interfaces. The reported results demonstrated that the whole analytical procedure can be carried out within a few minutes with high sensitivity and quantitation precision, and can be used to sample from various biological matrices such as blood, urine, or Allium cepa L single-cells.

Fast Quantitation of Target Analytes in Small Volumes of Complex Samples by Matrix‐Compatible Solid‐Phase Microextraction Devices

Rapid, inexpensive, and efficient sample-preparation by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) then gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) have been used for extraction and analysis of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) in water samples. In this extraction method, a mixture of 25.0 μL carbon disulfide (extraction solvent) and 1.00 mL acetonitrile (disperser solvent) is rapidly injected, by means of a syringe, into a 5.00-mL water sample in a conical test tube. A cloudy solution is formed by dispersion of fine droplets of carbon disulfide in the sample solution. During subsequent centrifugation (5,000 rpm for 2.0 min) the fine droplets of carbon disulfide settle at the bottom of the tube. The effect of several conditions (type and volume of disperser solvent, type of extraction solvent, extraction time, etc.) on the performance of the sample-preparation step was carefully evaluated. Under the optimum conditions the enrichment factors and extraction recoveries were high, and ranged from 122–311 to 24.5–66.7%, respectively. A good linear range (0.2–100 μg L−1, i.e., three orders of magnitude; r
 2 = 0.9991–0.9999) and good limits of detection (0.1–0.2 μg L−1) were obtained for most of the analytes. Relative standard deviations (RSD, %) for analysis of 5.0 μg L−1 BTEX compounds in water were in the range 0.9–6.4% (n = 5). Relative recovery from well and wastewater at spiked levels of 5.0 μg L−1 was 89–101% and 76–98%, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully used for preconcentration and analysis of BTEX compounds in different real water samples.

/pdf/determination-of-btex-compounds-by-dispersive-liquid-liquid-1k15evjt6a.pdf

Fardin Ahmadi

Papers

Determination of organic compounds in water using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in water samples by single drop microextraction and gas chromatography-flame photometric detector.

A critical review of solid phase microextraction for analysis of water samples

Fast Quantitation of Target Analytes in Small Volumes of Complex Samples by Matrix‐Compatible Solid‐Phase Microextraction Devices

Determination of BTEX Compounds by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction with GC–FID