다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.

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MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education

We explore in this chapter questions of existence and uniqueness for solutions to stochastic differential equations and offer a study of their properties. This endeavor is really a study of diffusion processes. Loosely speaking, the term diffusion is attributed to a Markov process which has continuous sample paths and can be characterized in terms of its infinitesimal generator.

Stochastic Differential Equations

Objective
To present the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson9s disease.
Background
Although several diagnostic criteria for Parkinson9s disease have been proposed, none have been officially adopted by an official Parkinson society. Moreover, the commonest-used criteria, the UK brain bank, were created more than 25 years ago. In recognition of the lack of standard criteria, the MDS initiated a task force to design new diagnostic criteria for clinical Parkinson9s disease.
Methods/Results
The MDS-PD Criteria are intended for use in clinical research, but may also be used to guide clinical diagnosis. The benchmark is expert clinical diagnosis; the criteria aim to systematize the diagnostic process, to make it reproducible across centers and applicable by clinicians with less expertise. Although motor abnormalities remain central, there is increasing recognition of non-motor manifestations; these are incorporated into both the current criteria and particularly into separate criteria for prodromal PD. Similar to previous criteria, the MDS-PD Criteria retain motor parkinsonism as the core disease feature, defined as bradykinesia plus rest tremor and/or rigidity. Explicit instructions for defining these cardinal features are included. After documentation of parkinsonism, determination of PD as the cause of parkinsonism relies upon three categories of diagnostic features; absolute exclusion criteria (which rule out PD), red flags (which must be counterbalanced by additional supportive criteria to allow diagnosis of PD), and supportive criteria (positive features that increase confidence of PD diagnosis). Two levels of certainty are delineated: Clinically-established PD (maximizing specificity at the expense of reduced sensitivity), and Probable PD (which balances sensitivity and specificity).
Conclusion
The MDS criteria retain elements proven valuable in previous criteria and omit aspects that are no longer justified, thereby encapsulating diagnosis according to current knowledge. As understanding of PD expands, criteria will need continuous revision to accommodate these advances. Disclosure: Dr. Postuma has received personal compensation for activities with Roche Diagnostics Corporation and Biotie Therapies. Dr. Berg has received research support from Michael J. Fox Foundation, the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), the German Parkinson Association and Novartis GmbH.

MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's Disease (S19.001)

Numerical Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations

Multi-terminal high-voltage direct current (MTDC) grids are seen as the enabling technology in the development of massive scale international grids such as the European supergrid. It is expected that these grids can play a significant role in regulating ac system frequencies. To date, many proportional-integral (PI) controller-based techniques have been proposed for frequency regulation in ac MTDC-connected grids. In this paper, model predictive control (MPC) is proposed as a means of implementing automatic generation control, while minimizing dc grid power losses. The advantages of using MPC versus PI are highlighted with regard to improvements in both frequency and dc grid regulation, while explicitly considering both delays and dc voltage constraints.

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Model Predictive Control-Based AGC for Multi-Terminal HVDC-Connected AC grids

This paper presents a security redispatching procedure that allows achieving an appropriate security level in terms of small-signal rotor angle stability. The proposed methodology is based on an OPF problem that explicitly considers security limits through stressed loading conditions. The solution of the proposed redispatching procedure yields the optimal preventive control actions to be implemented to ensure a given security level. The New England 39-bus, ten-machine and the IEEE 145-bus, 50-machine systems are used for illustrating, testing, and discussing the proposed technique.

An OPF Methodology to Ensure Small-Signal Stability

This paper describes the authors' and users' experience in the application of a free and open source software for teaching and research in power system analysis and modeling, namely power system analysis toolbox (PSAT). PSAT is currently used in several Universities for undergraduate courses, graduate courses and research. Selected experiences of the application of PSAT for educational and research purposes are discussed in this paper. PSAT has its own web forum, which provides support to students and researchers all around the world. The paper also discusses the contributions of PSAT to power engineering education based on the results of a survey on PSAT filled up by the members of the PSAT web forum.

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Application of the PSAT, an Open Source Software, for Educational and Research Purposes

This paper proposes an on-line estimation method able to track the inertia of synchronous machines as well as the equivalent, possibly time-varying inertia from the converter-interfaced generators. For power electronics devices, the droop gain of the Fast Frequency Response (FFR) is also determined as a byproduct of the inertia estimation. The proposed method is shown to be robust against noise and to track accurately the inertia of synchronous generators, virtual synchronous generators with constant and adaptive inertia, and wind power plants with inclusion of energy storage-based frequency control.

On-Line Inertia Estimation for Synchronous and Non-Synchronous Devices

An Optimal Power Flow (OPF)-based security-driven redispatching procedure to archive an appropriate security level is provided. The proposed procedure is particularly suited for security redispatching by an independent system operator. This procedure uses full ac equations and explicitly considers security limits through a stressed loading condition. Furthermore, a variety of FACTS devices can be incorporated in the redispatching problem to enhance system security. Several case studies based on the IEEE 24-bus system and on a real size model of the Italian system are analysed and discussed.

Federico Milano

Papers

Model Predictive Control-Based AGC for Multi-Terminal HVDC-Connected AC grids

An OPF Methodology to Ensure Small-Signal Stability

Application of the PSAT, an Open Source Software, for Educational and Research Purposes

On-Line Inertia Estimation for Synchronous and Non-Synchronous Devices

OPF-based security redispatching including FACTS devices