다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

MATPOWER is an open-source Matlab-based power system simulation package that provides a high-level set of power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), and other tools targeted toward researchers, educators, and students. The OPF architecture is designed to be extensible, making it easy to add user-defined variables, costs, and constraints to the standard OPF problem. This paper presents the details of the network modeling and problem formulations used by MATPOWER, including its extensible OPF architecture. This structure is used internally to implement several extensions to the standard OPF problem, including piece-wise linear cost functions, dispatchable loads, generator capability curves, and branch angle difference limits. Simulation results are presented for a number of test cases comparing the performance of several available OPF solvers and demonstrating MATPOWER's ability to solve large-scale AC and DC OPF problems.

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MATPOWER: Steady-State Operations, Planning, and Analysis Tools for Power Systems Research and Education

We explore in this chapter questions of existence and uniqueness for solutions to stochastic differential equations and offer a study of their properties. This endeavor is really a study of diffusion processes. Loosely speaking, the term diffusion is attributed to a Markov process which has continuous sample paths and can be characterized in terms of its infinitesimal generator.

Stochastic Differential Equations

Objective
To present the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson9s disease.
Background
Although several diagnostic criteria for Parkinson9s disease have been proposed, none have been officially adopted by an official Parkinson society. Moreover, the commonest-used criteria, the UK brain bank, were created more than 25 years ago. In recognition of the lack of standard criteria, the MDS initiated a task force to design new diagnostic criteria for clinical Parkinson9s disease.
Methods/Results
The MDS-PD Criteria are intended for use in clinical research, but may also be used to guide clinical diagnosis. The benchmark is expert clinical diagnosis; the criteria aim to systematize the diagnostic process, to make it reproducible across centers and applicable by clinicians with less expertise. Although motor abnormalities remain central, there is increasing recognition of non-motor manifestations; these are incorporated into both the current criteria and particularly into separate criteria for prodromal PD. Similar to previous criteria, the MDS-PD Criteria retain motor parkinsonism as the core disease feature, defined as bradykinesia plus rest tremor and/or rigidity. Explicit instructions for defining these cardinal features are included. After documentation of parkinsonism, determination of PD as the cause of parkinsonism relies upon three categories of diagnostic features; absolute exclusion criteria (which rule out PD), red flags (which must be counterbalanced by additional supportive criteria to allow diagnosis of PD), and supportive criteria (positive features that increase confidence of PD diagnosis). Two levels of certainty are delineated: Clinically-established PD (maximizing specificity at the expense of reduced sensitivity), and Probable PD (which balances sensitivity and specificity).
Conclusion
The MDS criteria retain elements proven valuable in previous criteria and omit aspects that are no longer justified, thereby encapsulating diagnosis according to current knowledge. As understanding of PD expands, criteria will need continuous revision to accommodate these advances. Disclosure: Dr. Postuma has received personal compensation for activities with Roche Diagnostics Corporation and Biotie Therapies. Dr. Berg has received research support from Michael J. Fox Foundation, the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), the German Parkinson Association and Novartis GmbH.

MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's Disease (S19.001)

Numerical Initial Value Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations

This letter provides a comparison between the current and power injection models for angle and voltage stability analysis of power systems. Traditionally, it is believed that the current injection model is computationally more efficient. On the other hand, the power injection model requires computing the products of currents and voltages and, hence, is expected to be computationally more demanding than the current injection one. This letter compares the two approaches using a unique framework. The two formulations are compared through a dynamic 1479-bus model of the all-island Irish transmission system.

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On Current and Power Injection Models for Angle and Voltage Stability Analysis of Power Systems

Stochastic Modeling of Tidal Generation for Transient Stability Analysis: A Case Study based on the All-Island Irish Transmission System

This letter studies the impact of auto-correlation of stochastic processes on the dynamic response of power systems. The frequency spectrum of the trajectories of the state variables of the system is utilized as a metric to evaluate this impact. Simulation results indicate that the auto-correlation have a direct impact on the amplitude of the dominant electro-mechanical modes of the system. Results also show that, for a wide range of the values of the auto-correlation, the impact of stochastic processes on system dynamics is local, affects differently each area of the system and, in some cases, can lead to instability and voltage collapse.

On the Impact of Auto-Correlation of Stochastic Processes on the Transient Behavior of Power Systems

This paper applies the Filippov theory of differential equations with discontinuous right-hand side to model anti-windup PI controllers. The proposed approach solves the deadlock issue that arises in the PI control model recommended by the IEEE Standard 421.5-2016. An illustrative example as well as a case study based on a one-machine infinite-bus network show how the proposed approach works and discusses the effects of the proposed approach on the transient response of power systems.

Federico Milano

Papers

On Current and Power Injection Models for Angle and Voltage Stability Analysis of Power Systems

Stochastic Modeling of Tidal Generation for Transient Stability Analysis: A Case Study based on the All-Island Irish Transmission System

On the Impact of Auto-Correlation of Stochastic Processes on the Transient Behavior of Power Systems

Application of Filippov Theory to the IEEE Standard 421.5-2016 Anti-windup PI Controller

Stability Analysis of Wide Area Damping Controllers with Multiple Time Delays