/pdf/a-break-in-the-clouds-towards-a-cloud-definition-svovsw1r5a.pdf

A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition

A brief review of the Internet history reveals the fact that the Internet evolved after the formation of primarily independent networks. Similarly, interconnected clouds, also called Inter-cloud, can be viewed as a natural evolution of cloud computing. Recent studies show the benefits in utilizing multiple clouds and present attempts for the realization of an Inter-cloud or federated cloud environment. However, cloud vendors have not taken into account cloud interoperability issues, and each cloud comes with its own solution and interfaces for services. This survey initially discusses all the relevant aspects motivating cloud interoperability. Furthermore, it categorizes and identifies possible cloud interoperability scenarios and architectures. The spectrum of challenges and obstacles that the Inter-cloud realization is faced with are covered, a taxonomy of them is provided, and fitting enablers that tackle each challenge are identified. All these aspects require a comprehensive review of the state of the art, including ongoing projects and studies in the area. We conclude by discussing future directions and trends toward the holistic approach in this regard.

http://romisatriawahono.net/lecture/rm/survey/network%20security/Toosi%20-%20Interconnected%20Cloud%20Computing%20Environments%20-%202014.pdf

Interconnected Cloud Computing Environments: Challenges, Taxonomy, and Survey

As cloud computing becomes more predominant, the problem of scalability has become critical for cloud computing providers. The cloud paradigm is attractive because it offers a dramatic reduction in capital and operation expenses for consumers.

Reservoir - When One Cloud Is Not Enough

Reservoir—One Cloud Is Not Enough

In a cloud computing environment, dynamic resource allocation and reallocation are keys for accommodating unpredictable demands and, ultimately, contribute to investment return. This article discusses this process in the context of distributed clouds, which are seen as systems where application developers can selectively lease geographically distributed resources. This article highlights and categorizes the main challenges inherent to the resource allocation process particular to distributed clouds, offering a stepwise view of this process that covers the initial modeling phase through to the optimization phase.

Resource allocation for distributed cloud: concepts and research challenges

Emerging Cloud computing infrastructures provide computing resources on demand based on postpaid principles. For example, the RESERVOIR project develops an infrastructure capable of delivering elastic capacity that can automatically be increased or decreased in order to cost-efficiently fulfill established Service Level Agreements. This infrastructure also makes it possible for a data center to extend its total capacity by subcontracting additional resources from collaborating data centers, making the infrastructure a federation of Clouds. For accounting and billing, such infrastructures call for novel approaches to perform accounting for capacity that varies over time and for services (or more precisely virtual machines) that migrate between physical machines or even between data centers. For billing, needs arise for new approaches to simultaneously manage postpaid and prepaid payment schemes for capacity that varies over time in response to user needs. In this paper, we outline usage scenarios and a set of requirements for such infrastructures, and propose an accounting and billing architecture to be used within RESERVOIR. Even though the primary focus for this architecture is accounting and billing between resource consumers and infrastructure provides, future support for inter-site billing is also taken into account.

Accounting and Billing for Federated Cloud Infrastructures

Cloud computing is a promising paradigm for the provisioning of IT services. Cloud computing infrastructures, such as those offered by the RESERVOIR project, aim to facilitate the deployment, management and execution of services across multiple physical locations in a seamless manner. In order for service providers to meet their quality of service objectives, it is important to examine how software architectures can be described to take full advantage of the capabilities introduced by such platforms. When dealing with software systems involving numerous loosely coupled components, architectural constraints need to be made explicit to ensure continuous operation when allocating and migrating services from one host in the Cloud to another. In addition, the need for optimising resources and minimising over-provisioning requires service providers to control the dynamic adjustment of capacity throughout the entire service lifecycle. We discuss the implications for software architecture definitions of distributed applications that are to be deployed on Clouds. In particular, we identify novel primitives to support service elasticity, co-location and other requirements, propose language abstractions for these primitives and define their behavioural semantics precisely by establishing constraints on the relationship between architecture definitions and Cloud management infrastructures using a model denotational approach in order to derive appropriate service management cycles. Using these primitives and semantic definition as a basis, we define a service management framework implementation that supports on demand cloud provisioning and present a novel monitoring framework that meets the demands of Cloud based applications.

Software architecture definition for on-demand cloud provisioning

Cloud computing is changing the way in which companies deploy and operate ICT based services. This paradigm introduces several advantages compared with traditional data centers, such as a great degree of flexibility, pay-per-use models, and rapid resource provisioning. However, the lack of a well defined supply chain for clouds and an associated information model is limiting the adoption of these technologies. This paper introduces the Cloud Supply Chain, which enables both consuming and providing organizations to clearly determine their position within such a supply chain. The Cloud Supply Chain is the result of our experience from building systems for supply chain businesses combined with our experience of building Service Cloud infrastructures within the RESERVOIR EU research project. This paper discusses the definitions and components of such a supply chain, together with all of the requirements with regards to services and an information model, which are the most pertinent topics for accounting and billing. The underlying basis for this work is a service provisioning process chain that includes service deployment, comprehensive monitoring, accounting and billing, delivering technical as well as business information. Our work presents the first definition of a Cloud Supply Chain, providing a foundation for researchers and businesses in this area.

/pdf/the-cloud-supply-chain-a-framework-for-information-3quyym4h2k.pdf

The Cloud Supply Chain : A Framework for Information, Monitoring, Accounting and Billing

FIWARE represents a new European Cloud platform that aims to land on the international ICT market bringing prominent novel advantages for societies. In fact, it provides new compelling and novel software components, available through APIs, able to give developers new valuable Cloud platform functionalities. The main contribution of this work consists in providing software architects an useful experience regarding the adoption of FIWARE for the design of a Cloud and Internet of Things (IoT) architecture. More specifically, we describe how can be possible to use the FIWARE Cloud platform to speed up the design of a real e-health Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) architecture with an agile software development methodology. Our architecture aims to allow care givers to improve remote assistance to patients at home, optimizing the management of the workflow of doctors, physicians, medical assistants, and other involved hospital operators. In this paper, we specifically describe the main FIWARE components that we have adopted to design our architecture and how they have been integrated.

Exploiting the FIWARE cloud platform to develop a remote patient monitoring system

The development of IoT (Internet of Things) applications poses a number of scientific and technological challenges which stem from the characteristics of the IoT domain itself. These include the huge and increasing number of connected entities (devices, physical objects, people,…) populating the physical environment, the variety of their types which leads to heterogeneity of the data produced or consumed by those connected entities. In this paper we argue that semantic modeling takes up many of these challenges and explain how the core platform developed by the FI-WARE project supports IoT application developers. After a short introduction of the characteristics and requirements of IoT applications we identify the contribution of semantic technologies to address some of them. We describe the FI-WARE platform enablers which support these technologies and illustrate through a real application how these enablers help developers satisfy these requirements.

Fermín Galán Márquez

Papers

Accounting and Billing for Federated Cloud Infrastructures

Software architecture definition for on-demand cloud provisioning

The Cloud Supply Chain : A Framework for Information, Monitoring, Accounting and Billing

Exploiting the FIWARE cloud platform to develop a remote patient monitoring system

Handling smart environment devices, data and services at the semantic level with the FI-WARE core platform