Showing papers by "Folkard Wittrock published in 2015"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the set-up and measurement results of a permanent ship emission monitoring site near Hamburg harbour in the North Sea SECA. Trace gas measurements are conducted with in situ instruments and a data set from September 2014 to January 2015 is presented.
Abstract: . In 1997 the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) adopted MARPOL Annex VI to prevent air pollution by shipping emissions. It regulates, among other issues, the sulfur content in shipping fuels, which is transformed into the air pollutant sulfur dioxide (SO2) during combustion. Within designated Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA), the sulfur content was limited to 1 %, and on 1 January 2015, this limit was further reduced to 0.1 %. Here we present the set-up and measurement results of a permanent ship emission monitoring site near Hamburg harbour in the North Sea SECA. Trace gas measurements are conducted with in situ instruments and a data set from September 2014 to January 2015 is presented. By combining measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and SO2 with ship position data, it is possible to deduce the sulfur fuel content of individual ships passing the measurement station, thus facilitating the monitoring of compliance of ships with the IMO regulations. While compliance is almost 100 % for the 2014 data, it decreases only very little in 2015 to 95.4 % despite the much stricter limit. We analysed more than 1400 ship plumes in total and for months with favourable conditions, up to 40 % of all ships entering and leaving Hamburg harbour could be checked for their sulfur fuel content.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a ship-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were performed within the SHIVA campaign on board RV Sonne in the South China and Sulu Sea.
35 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the link between glyoxal columns and biogenic emissions during 2005-2012 and found that the largest correlations were observed over the Southeastern US and the North Africa, where large vegetation areas are found.
Abstract: Measurements by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the Aura satellite have been used to retrieve global maps of glyoxal (CHOCHO) columns by applying the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) method. Large amounts of glyoxal are found over regions with high biogenic emissions and vegetation fires, as well as over highly populated areas with large anthropogenic emissions. This paper focuses on investigating the link between CHOCHO columns and biogenic emissions during 2005–2012. The largest correlations are observed over the Southeastern US and the North of Africa, where large vegetation areas are found. Moreover, negative correlation are found over African regions where large fire events occur.
2 citations