Offshore wind is a source of clean, renewable energy of great potential value to the power industry in the context of a low carbon society. Rapid development of offshore wind energy depends on a good understanding of technical issues related to offshore wind turbines, which is spurring ongoing research and development programmes. Foundations of offshore wind turbines present one of the main challenges in offshore wind turbine design. This paper reviews the present state of knowledge concerning geotechnical and structural issues affecting foundation types under consideration for the support structures of offshore wind turbines, and provides recommendations for future research and development.

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Foundations of offshore wind turbines: A review

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Advanced Soil Mechanics

Review of fundamental principles in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour

Vortex shedding suppression and wake control: A review

Numerical and experimental investigation of tip leakage vortex trajectory and dynamics in an axial flow pump

Physical modeling and swirling strength analysis of vortex shedding from near-bed piggyback pipelines

Wave induced instantaneously-liquefied soil depth in a non-cohesive seabed

The effective stress principle has been efficiently applied to saturated soils in the soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering practice; however, its applicability to unsaturated soils is still under debate. The appropriate selection of stress state variables is essential for the construction of constitutive models for unsaturated soils. Owing to the complexity of unsaturated soils, it is difficult to determine the deformation and strength behaviors of unsaturated soils uniquely with the previous single-effective-stress variable theory and two-effective-stress-variable theory in all the situations. In this paper, based on the porous media theory, the specific expression of work is proposed, and the effective stress of unsaturated soils conjugated with the displacement of the soil skeleton is further derived. In the derived work and energy balance equations, the energy dissipation in unsaturated soils is taken into account. According to the derived work and energy balance equations, all of the three generalized stresses and the conjugated strains have effects on the deformation of unsaturated soils. For considering these effects, a principle of generalized effective stress to describe the behaviors of unsaturated soils is proposed. The proposed principle of generalized effective stress may reduce to the previous effective stress theory of single-stress variable or the two-stress variables under certain conditions. This principle provides a helpful reference for the development of constitutive models for unsaturated soils.

Fu-Ping Gao

Papers

Physical modeling and swirling strength analysis of vortex shedding from near-bed piggyback pipelines

Wave induced instantaneously-liquefied soil depth in a non-cohesive seabed

Work and energy equations and the principle of generalized effective stress for unsaturated soils

Submarine pipeline lateral instability on a sloping sandy seabed

Steady current induced vibration of near-bed piggyback pipelines: Configuration effects on VIV suppression