Offshore wind is a source of clean, renewable energy of great potential value to the power industry in the context of a low carbon society. Rapid development of offshore wind energy depends on a good understanding of technical issues related to offshore wind turbines, which is spurring ongoing research and development programmes. Foundations of offshore wind turbines present one of the main challenges in offshore wind turbine design. This paper reviews the present state of knowledge concerning geotechnical and structural issues affecting foundation types under consideration for the support structures of offshore wind turbines, and provides recommendations for future research and development.

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Foundations of offshore wind turbines: A review

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Advanced Soil Mechanics

Review of fundamental principles in modelling unsaturated soil behaviour

Vortex shedding suppression and wake control: A review

Numerical and experimental investigation of tip leakage vortex trajectory and dynamics in an axial flow pump

http://sourcedb.imech.cas.cn/zw/lwk1/200908/P020090831402301585516.pdf

An analytical solution for three-dimensional diffraction of plane P-waves by a hemispherical alluvial valley with saturated soil deposits

The bearing capacity of a pipeline foundation is crucial for the pipeline stability design. It is usually inappropriate to analyze the bearing capacity for the pipeline with special circular section directly by employing the theory for conventional rectangular strip footings. In this study, the ultimate loads of the pipeline on clayey soils are investigated numerically. A plane-strain finite element model is proposed to simulate the quasi-static process of the pipeline penetrating into the soil, in which the adaptive-grid technique and the 'contact-pair' algorithm are employed, and the Drucker-Prager constitutive model is used for modeling the soil plasticity. Based on the proposed numerical model, the development of soil plastic zone and the incremental-displacement vector field beneath the pipeline are examined numerically. It is indicated that, according to the obtained pipeline vertical load-displacement curves, concurrently referring to the plastic strain field and/or the soil incremental-displacement vector field, the shear failure type (e.g., general shear failure, punching shear failure) and the collapse loads can be thereby determined. The present numerical results match well with the analytical solutions of slip-line theory in plasticity mechanics.

Numerical Investigation on Bearing Capacity of a Pipeline on Clayey Soils

The utility model discloses the equipment for producing large-scale sand samples for ground foundation simulation, comprising a frame, a walking carriage, a sand hopper and a control device The frame is provided with an orbit whose height can be adjusted by a lifting control mechanism The walking carriage is installed on the orbit, the sand hopper is fixed on the walking carriage, the walking carriage which is controlled by the control device drives the sand hopper to move forward and backward along the orbit, and the vertical dimension between the sand outlet of the sand hopper and the soil surface of the sand sample is unchanged The density of the sand sample is closely correlated with the speed and the flow of the sanding, and the distance between the sand outlet and the soil surface of the sand sample, the requirements for the density of every part of the sand sample are as consistent as possible, therefore, the prior art hardly meets the demands When the utility model makes the large-scale sand sample, the opening degree of the sand outlet is adjusted, and the height between the sand outlet and the soil surface is adjusted according to the quality of the needed soil After the speed of the walking carriage is set, the sand is spread automatically, which has the advantages that the efficiency is high, and the producing quality of the sand sample is guaranteed

Equipment for producing large-scale sand samples for ground foundation simulation

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/923377.pdf

Geotechnical investigation and tension-pile solution for foundation of SFT prototype at Qiandao Lake

Local scour usually occurs around offshore pile foundations, which may bring the reduction of both the effective stresses in the surrounding soil and the effective pile embedment. Until now, the effects of local scour on the lateral pile-soil interaction have not been well understood. In this study, a 3-D finite element model for the lateral pile-soil interaction is proposed and verified with experimental results. An improved analysis approach is further presented for evaluating the local scour effects on the lateral pile-soil interaction by extracting p-y curves from the numerical results. The results indicate that scour could induce a significant transition of pile behavior for a monopile typically employed for offshore wind turbines. If the pile exhibits rigid structural behaviors after scour, the pile’s tip and shaft resistance may become a significant component of the whole soil resistance, which would render the traditional p-y approach inapplicable. For a given depth below the scour base, the p-y curves get significantly stiffer with increasing scour depth, especially at relatively shallow depths. The scour effects on the variation of p-y curves from the present numerical results are generally consistent with the existing centrifuge results. As the slope angle of scour holes decreases, the effect of the remaining sloping overburden soil above the level of the scour base reduces and the stiffening of the p-y curves at a given depth below the scour base is correspondingly alleviated.

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Fu-Ping Gao

Papers

An analytical solution for three-dimensional diffraction of plane P-waves by a hemispherical alluvial valley with saturated soil deposits

Numerical Investigation on Bearing Capacity of a Pipeline on Clayey Soils

Equipment for producing large-scale sand samples for ground foundation simulation

Geotechnical investigation and tension-pile solution for foundation of SFT prototype at Qiandao Lake

Numerical study of local scour effects on the lateral pile-soil interaction