http://www.iss.com/resources/pdf/publications/fnirs-history.pdf

A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application.

https://www.cell.com/trends/neurosciences/pdf/S0166-2236(97)01132-6.pdf

Non-invasive optical spectroscopy and imaging of human brain function

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging tool for studying evoked hemodynamic changes within the brain. By this technique, changes in the optical absorption of light are recorded over time and are used to estimate the functionally evoked changes in cerebral oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations that result from local cerebral vascular and oxygen metabolic effects during brain activity. Over the past three decades this technology has continued to grow, and today NIRS studies have found many niche applications in the fields of psychology, physiology, and cerebral pathology. The growing popularity of this technique is in part associated with a lower cost and increased portability of NIRS equipment when compared with other imaging modalities, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. With this increasing number of applications, new techniques for the processing, analysis, and interpretation of NIRS data are continually being developed. We review some of the time-series and functional analysis techniques that are currently used in NIRS studies, we describe the practical implementation of various signal processing techniques for removing physiological, instrumental, and motion-artifact noise from optical data, and we discuss the unique aspects of NIRS analysis in comparison with other brain imaging modalities. These methods are described within the context of the MATLAB-based graphical user interface program, HomER, which we have developed and distributed to facilitate the processing of optical functional brain data.

/pdf/homer-a-review-of-time-series-analysis-methods-for-near-4ln9n7d315.pdf

HomER: a review of time-series analysis methods for near-infrared spectroscopy of the brain.

This review describes the diffusion model for light transport in tissues and the medical applications of diffuse light. Diffuse optics is particularly useful for measurement of tissue hemodynamics, wherein quantitative assessment of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations and blood flow are desired. The theoretical basis for near-infrared or diffuse optical spectroscopy is developed, and the basic elements of diffuse optical tomography are outlined. We also discuss diffuse correlation spectroscopy, a technique whereby temporal correlation functions of diffusing light are transported through tissue and are used to measure blood flow. Essential instrumentation is described, and representative brain and breast functional imaging and monitoring results illustrate the workings of these new tissue diagnostics.

/pdf/diffuse-optics-for-tissue-monitoring-and-tomography-curjv2s4p6.pdf

Diffuse optics for tissue monitoring and tomography

https://www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/optics/PDF/Strangman_BiolPsychiatry_52_679_2002.pdf

Non-invasive neuroimaging using near-infrared light

The purpose of the present study is to show anomalies of the plasma cAMP response of patients with hepatic disorders to a single injection of a low dose of glucagon (1 μg/kg body wt). The response was markedly blunted in patients with liver cirrhosis and potentiated in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis. This glucagon test is, therefore, promising for development as a simple diagnostic means without undertaking liver biopsy to distinguish cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis.

Anomalous plasma cyclic AMP responses to glucagon in patients with liver disease

"Reverse placebo effects": anticipation/anxiety at the possibility of receiving placebos.

Five cases of acute pandysautonomia and one case of acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy are described with special reference to psychiatric symptoms. They originally presented as psychiatric disorders, such as hysterical neurosis, epilepsy, anorexia nervosa and hypochondriacal neurosis. Psychiatric symptoms arise from their autonomic nervous dysfunction and show emotional instabilities which are often regarded as hysterical overacting.

Psychiatric aspects of acute pandysautonomia

Long-term neuroleptic treatments counteract dopamine D2 agonist inhibition of adenylate cyclase but do not affect pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylation in the rat brain.

Fumihiko Okada

Papers

Anomalous plasma cyclic AMP responses to glucagon in patients with liver disease

"Reverse placebo effects": anticipation/anxiety at the possibility of receiving placebos.

Psychiatric aspects of acute pandysautonomia

Long-term neuroleptic treatments counteract dopamine D2 agonist inhibition of adenylate cyclase but do not affect pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylation in the rat brain.

Plasma cyclic nucleotide responses to psychological stress in patients with schizophrenia.