G. D’Souza

TL;DR: First in-depth analysis of both antibody and memory T-cell responses induced by COVISHIELD™ in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative young adults in India is provided with strong evidence of a BCG-induced booster effect and therefore a rational basis to validate BCG, a low-cost and globally available vaccine, as an adjuvant to enhance heterologous adaptive immune responses to current and emerging COVID-19 vaccines.

TL;DR: Mechanistically, BCG adjuvant effects on COVISHIELD™ induced adaptive responses was associated with more robust innate responses to pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns through TNF-α and IL-1β secretion and highlights the potential of using a cheap and globally available vaccine,BCG, as an adjuant to enhance heterologous adaptive immune responses induced by COVIDSHIELD™ and other emerging vaccines.

TL;DR: In addition to the upregulation of antiviral defense and immune responses, transcriptomics data uncovered a robust epithelial cell‐specific response, including perturbation of metabolic processes and disruption in the alveolar maturation program, which suggests the in vitro system could serve as a suitable model to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and to discover and test therapeutic drugs against COVID‐19 or its consequences.

TL;DR: In this paper , the differences in immune responses in individuals from India and Europe during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic were assessed. And the chromatin accessibility of genes important for adaptive immunity was higher in Indians than in the Europeans, while the latter had more accessible chromatin regions in genes of the innate immune system.

TL;DR: The modest RRs in this study are consistent with near or null mortality effects and suggest suitable caution in estimating deaths from PM2.5 exposure based on MDS results and even more caution in extrapolating model-based associations of risk derived mostly from high-income countries to India.