One dimensional man

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Framing Places Mediating Power In Built Form

Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation, by Eyal Weizman London: Verso, 2007 318 pp $3495 Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation examines how "the different forms of Israeli rule" over the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967 "inscribed themselves in space" (p 5) To accomplish this purpose, Eyal Weizman uses the term architecture in two ways In its first meaning, he describes in detail the planning, construction, physical, and political attributes of several of the built structures of the occupation and the roles of the Israeli architects who designed them The structures analyzed include the Jewish Quarter of the old city of Jerusalem, the settlements, the separation barrier, the checkpoint at Qalandia, the border crossing at the Allenby Bridge, and the Rafah Terminal The separation barrier is arguably Israel's most egregious violation of international law in the course of over forty years of occupation, since an International Court of Justice ruling determined that it is illegal Yet Israeli architects protested against being excluded from participating in the design process Weizman also employs architecture "as a conceptual way of understanding political issues as constructed realities" (p 6) Each of the chapters examines a structure or related set of structures and the way they enforce Israel's domination of the Palestinians through the control of physical space The chapters are self-contained essays; most of them contain fascinating detail that is little known outside Israel Among the best is the chapter on Israel's targeted assassinations in the Gaza Strip beginning in 2003 It is an incisive, albeit depressing, discussion of the politics and technology of what Weizman terms "the airborne occupation" and the extension of the occupation along a vertical axis Underscoring the relevance of this issue to current developments beyond Israel/Palestine, Weizman traces the use of aerial bombardment of rebellious "natives" to the tenure of Winston Churchill as Britain's Minister of War and Air in the 1920s Churchill enthusiastically promoted "aerially enforced colonization" in Somaliland and Iraq The structure of Hollow Land does not permit Weizman to offer a comprehensive history of the occupation, and he acknowledges that this is not his objective Surprisingly, there is still no fully satisfactory narrative of this kind Gershom Gorenberg's, The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967-1977 (New York: Times Books, 2006), while based on good historical research on the first decade of the settlement project, is ultimately flawed and problematic (for my review see "When Doves Cry," The Nation, April 17, 2006) Weizman, although he is a more consistent critic of the Israeli occupation than Gorenberg, adopts the same fundamental thesis: that there was no "master plan" guiding the settlement project in its early years Rather, "the colonization of the mountain district of the West Bank  …

Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation

Benny Morris New Haven and London, Yale University Press, 2008, Pp.xi + 524, bibliography, index, $32.50 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-300-12696-9 Could anybody ignore today the crucial importance of the ...

1948. A History of the First Arab–Israeli War

The Israeli Community Settlements are small-scale non-agricultural villages that consist of a limited number of families and a homogenous character. This method began to be used by the Israeli gove...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02665433.2020.1728569

The community settlement: a neo-rural territorial tool

Settling in Palestine is an integral part of the national revival of the Jewish nation, which eventually led to the establishment of the state of Israel. This paper defines the Practical Zionism territorial strategy as a Settle and Rule mechanism that evolved through four periods of development, from the pre-state era to the post-state era: first, the agricultural settlements of the 1920s and 1930s (cultivate and rule); second, the 1950s’ industrial towns (industrialize and rule); third, the suburbs of the 1980s (suburbanize and rule) and; and fourth, the recent corporate-led development (financialize and rule). This paper argues that the national settlement mission transformed according to the changes in the modes of production and the interests of the ruling hegemony. Therefore, it focuses on four different national plans for the frontier area of the Galilee and analyses the layout of the proposed new settlements and the architecture of the housing units.

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Settle and Rule: The Evolution of the Israeli National Project

The UN Resolution 181 of 27 November 1947, which called for the establishment of a Jewish state in parts of Palestine, was one of the only votes backed by both the USSR and the USA. Both superpower...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13602365.2020.1758952

The Americanisation of Israeli housing practices

The ‘Stars’ are series of suburban settlements adjacent to the border with the occupied West-Bank which illustrate the increasing privatisation of the Israeli settlement mechanism. Unlike earlier examples, which were dictated by pioneer ideology or individualistic attempts to achieve better living standards, during the 1990s the state adopted a supply-side territorial policy, which tried to ensure the continuation of its geopolitical project by securing the economic feasibility of the private sector. Analysing the development of the ‘Stars’, this paper sheds light on the privatisation and commodification of the Israeli settlement mechanism and with it the transformation of its spatial product.

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Supply-side Territoriality: reshaping a geopolitical project according to economic means

In the 1980s the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) initiated the construction of several suburban communities for the benefit of its personnel. These new settlements offered the opportunity of a better quality of life in a homogeneous and exclusive environment, all in a commuting distance from the main metropolises. The State subsidized the construction of these settlements to support the military, and in the hope that the prestigious image of the IDF would help in developing peripheral areas. Military officers could live their bourgeois dream while taking part in the greater national mission of urban development. Reut is an architype of such a suburban military settlement. It offered young officers the ability to obtain subsidized spacious houses in an exclusive community while forming a steppingstone in the later mass development of the area. Therefore, using selective privatization as a means to encourage the formation of a real estate market and to enable further development.

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Gabriel Schwake

Papers

The community settlement: a neo-rural territorial tool

Settle and Rule: The Evolution of the Israeli National Project

The Americanisation of Israeli housing practices

Supply-side Territoriality: reshaping a geopolitical project according to economic means

An officer and a bourgeois : Israeli military personnel, suburbanization and selective privatization