抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Coherence transfer by isotropic mixing: Application to proton correlation spectroscopy

A two-dimensional nuclear overhauser experiment with pure absorption phase in four quadrants☆

https://zenodo.org/record/45375/files/article.pdf

Natural abundance nitrogen-15 NMR by enhanced heteronuclear spectroscopy

The widespread use of controlled molecular-level motion in key natural processes suggests that great rewards could come from bridging the gap between the present generation of synthetic molecular systems, which by and large rely upon electronic and chemical effects to carry out their functions, and the machines of the macroscopic world, which utilize the synchronized movements of smaller parts to perform specific tasks. This is a scientific area of great contemporary interest and extraordinary recent growth, yet the notion of molecular-level machines dates back to a time when the ideas surrounding the statistical nature of matter and the laws of thermodynamics were first being formulated. Here we outline the exciting successes in taming molecular-level movement thus far, the underlying principles that all experimental designs must follow, and the early progress made towards utilizing synthetic molecular structures to perform tasks using mechanical motion. We also highlight some of the issues and challenges that still need to be overcome.

Synthetic molecular motors and mechanical machines.

High-Resolution Diffusion-Ordered 2D Spectroscopy (HR-DOSY) - A New Tool for the Analysis of Complex Mixtures

Six pulse sequences are described, all based on the stimulated echo, for use in high resolution diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (HR-DOSY). HR-DOSY requires spectra with clean baselines, pure phases and lineshapes that are independent of field gradient pulse amplitude. Lineshape problems arising from the static field perturbations caused by field gradient pulses and phase errors caused by zero quantum coherence in strongly coupled spin systems are discussed, and the performance of the six sequences is compared. Pulse sequences which use balanced pairs of antiphase field gradient pulses show significant advantages. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Pulse sequences for high-resolution diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (hr-dosy)

Appealingly simple: A new method is described that allows the diffusion coefficient of a small molecule to be estimated given only the molecular weight and the viscosity of the solvent used. This method makes possible the quantitative interpretation of the diffusion domain of diffusion-ordered NMR spectra (see picture).

/pdf/quantitative-interpretation-of-diffusion-ordered-nmr-spectra-1pgz8v3wpc.pdf

Gareth A. Morris

Papers

High-Resolution Diffusion-Ordered 2D Spectroscopy (HR-DOSY) - A New Tool for the Analysis of Complex Mixtures

Pulse sequences for high-resolution diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (hr-dosy)

Quantitative Interpretation of Diffusion‐Ordered NMR Spectra: Can We Rationalize Small Molecule Diffusion Coefficients?

Pure shift proton DOSY: diffusion-ordered 1H spectra without multiplet structure.

Weak satellite signals in high-resolution NMR spectra: Separating the wheat from the chaff