Endophytic microorganisms are to be found in virtually every plant on earth. These organisms reside in the living tissues of the host plant and do so in a variety of relationships ranging from symbiotic to pathogenic. Endophytes may contribute to their host plant by producing a plethora of substances that provide protection and ultimately survival value to the plant. Ultimately, these compounds, once isolated and characterized, may also have potential for use in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry. Novel antibiotics, antimycotics, immunosuppressants, and anticancer compounds are only a few examples of what has been found after the isolation and culturing of individual endophytes followed by purification and characterization of some of their natural products. The prospects of finding new drugs that may be effective candidates for treating newly developing diseases in humans, plants, and animals are great. Other applications in industry and agriculture may also be discovered among the novel products produced by endophytic microbes.

Natural products from endophytic microorganisms.

Singlet molecular oxygen, 02(’Ag) , has been intensively investigated over the last few decades, primarily in relation to photosensitization reactions. In combination with the increasing awareness and interest in singlet oxygen has been the development of various methodologies for the detection and quantification of singlet oxygen production. A large body of literature now exists concerning the singlet oxygengenerating abilities of a large variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds that can be photoactivated in the UV and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The purpose of this review was to compile data from many different sources to provide a convenient resource for biological scientists with interest in this area. This compilation is essentially an updated subset of the excellent comprehensive review on singlet oxygen yields by Wilkinson et af. (l), which, unlike this compilation, was not limited to biological molecules. The data are current up to the early months of 1999. The following tables include various related parameters in addition to the central parameter of the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation (QA) for a given photosensitizer. The methodology or technique used to measure the QA value for each entry is given and ranges from direct detection of the luminescence produced on relaxation of singlet oxygen (time-resolved [TRILIT or steady-state [SSIL]), calorimetric

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb08240.x

A Compilation of Singlet Oxygen Yields from Biologically Relevant Molecules

Solvent-free organic synthesis , Solvent-free organic synthesis , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Solvent-free organic synthesis

Cascade Processes of Metallo Carbenoids

Research on esophageal cancer in the People's Republic of China is reviewed. Massive epidemiological studies revealed the prevalence of this disease in China, especially in the Taihang Mountain range areas in the north. Gullet cancer in chickens was also observed in the high-incidence area of Linxian in Henan, suggesting the presence of cancer-causing substances in the environment. Research on the etiology of this cancer has been pursued extensively. Moldy food and pickled vegetables were shown to contain carcinogens. In chemical etiology, nitrosamines and their precursors have received the most attention. The possible roles of trace element deficiencies in the soil, nutritional deficiencies, fungal infection, polycyclic hydrocarbons, and other factors in contributing to the high cancer incidence have been studied. The esophageal cancer problem has also been investigated at the cellular and immunological levels. Mass cytological surveys allowed many cases of early cancer to be detected and treated. Precancerous changes and the use of interventive therapy have been studied in animal models and patients. Prevention, early detection, and early treatment of this cancer have been pursued vigorously in many areas of China.

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/40/8_Part_1/2633.full.pdf

Research on Esophageal Cancer in China: a Review

Photocyclization of aryl-substituted acetylenesi application of di-.pi.-methane-like rearrangements to arylcyclopropene syntheses

Oxo pyrazoline spiro oxiranes a new class of reactive hetero cycles

Theoretical studies of the structures and reactions of substituted carbonyl ylides

Spectroscopy and photochemistry of aryloxiranes

We have shown that radical cations generated by photoinduced electron transfer (ET) in 1,2-diarylethanes, aryl pinacols, and their derivatives undergo fragmentation reactions. In the presence of ox...

Gary W. Griffin

Papers

Photocyclization of aryl-substituted acetylenesi application of di-.pi.-methane-like rearrangements to arylcyclopropene syntheses

Oxo pyrazoline spiro oxiranes a new class of reactive hetero cycles

Theoretical studies of the structures and reactions of substituted carbonyl ylides

Spectroscopy and photochemistry of aryloxiranes

Photoinduced electron transfer C−C bond cleavage reactions; oxidations and isomerizations