Gaurav Mittal

TL;DR: The results indicate that nanoparticulate formulations are ideal carriers for oral administration of estradiol having great potential to address the dose related issues of Estradiol.

TL;DR: A new colloidal system, PLGA nanoparticle for sparfloxacin ophthalmic delivery was demonstrated to improve precorneal residence time and ocular penetration and the developed lyophilized nanosuspension was found to be stable for longer duration of time than the conventional marketed formulation with a good shelf life.

TL;DR: The aim of present investigation was to screen different solvents for optimizing nanoparticle preparation in terms of particle size, entrapment efficiency, and finally, release behavior using a model drug estradiol to suggest that particle size has significant role in determining the fate of nanoparticles in vivo.

Abstract: Drug delivery to ocular region is a challenging task. Only 1-2% of drug is available in eye for therapeutic action, rest of the drug is drained out through nasolachrymal drainage system and other ocular physiological barriers. To overcome these problems of conventional dosage form, novel drug delivery systems are explored like nanoparticles. In our present work, levofloxacin encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were developed and evaluated for various parameters like particle size, ζ potential, in vitro drug release and ex vivo transcorneal permeation. Microbiological efficacy was tested against Staphylococcus aureus using cup-plate method. Precorneal residence time was studied on albino rabbits by γ scintigraphy after radiolabeling of levofloxacin by Tc-99m. Ocular tolerance was evaluated using hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) test. The developed nanoparticles were of spherical shape with a mean particle size of 190-195 nm with a ζ potential of -25 mV. The drug entrapment efficiency was found to be near 85%. In vitro drug release profile shows initial burst release followed by extended release up to 24 h. Microbiological assay showed equivalent zone of inhibition compared to marketed formulation. γ Scintigraphy images of developed formulation, suggested a good spread and good retention over precorneal area. The nanosuspension thus developed was retained for the longer time and drained out from the eye very slowly compared to marketed formulation as significant radioactivity was recorded in later in kidney and bladder. The developed nanosuspension with a mean score of 0.33 up to 24 h in HET-CAM assay, showed the nonirritant efficacy of developed formulation. The stability studies yielded a degradation constant less then 5 × 10(-4), proving a stable formulation with an arbitrary shelf life of 2 years.

TL;DR: Nanoparticle DPI is known to have deeper lung penetration but its clinical utility as a potentially better treatment option needs to be evaluated in the light of higher expected mucociliary movement of the nanoparticles compared to micronized DPI.