Showing papers by "Gerd Binnig published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this article, the first successful tunneling experiment with an externally and reproducibly adjustable vacuum gap is reported, based on the exponential dependence of the tunneling resistance on the width of the gap.
Abstract: We report on the first successful tunneling experiment with an externally and reproducibly adjustable vacuum gap. The observation of vacuum tunneling is established by the exponential dependence of the tunneling resistance on the width of the gap. The experimental setup allows for simultaneous investigation and treatment of the tunnel electrode surfaces.
1,685 citations
Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: In this paper, a travelling support consisting of a piezo-electric plate resting on three legs whose bottom surface is insulated from the bench on which the support is to travel, by a dielectric.
Abstract: The travelling support (1) comprises a piezo-electric plate (2) resting on three legs (6) whose bottom surface is insulated from the bench (8) on which the support is to travel, by a dielectric (7). The piezo-electric plate (2) can be caused to contract by means of an actuating voltage applied via sliders (9, 10) to top and bottom electrodes on the plate (2). By applying a voltage to the legs (6), these may be clamped selectively by electrostatic forces effective across the dielectric (7). Appropriate control of the actuating and clamping voltages causes the support (1) to either move in a linear or rotary fashion. The displacements the support can perform per step are in the nanometer range.
27 citations
Patent•
IBM1
TL;DR: In this article, the dilution refrigerator operates by sucking a 4He-rich mixture from a tank and returning it to the tank through a superleak, where the 4He is separated and returned to the 3He content of the tank.
Abstract: The dilution refrigerator operates by sucking a 4He-rich mixture from a tank (1) and returning it to the tank through a superleak (11). Thereby the 3He is separated and returned to the 3He-rich content of the tank (1). By this cycling process, a drop in temperature is obtained at the exit of the superleak (11) and through re-mixing of the 3He with the 4He. Cycling of the liquid 3He-4He mixture is performed by a bellows pump (9) maintained in a container (16) at a temperature below 2K and by specially designed valves (4, 6, 10) comprising a steel ball as a plug and a gold ring as the valve seat.
16 citations